MODULE 5

Question 1

Reproduction

Answer 1

The process of creating offspring, either by sexual or asexual processes

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Reproduction involving two parents who produce offspring that contain a mix of the parents genes and therefore differs from each other and from the parents

• Gametes are produced (meiosis)
• Involves the meeting of special sex cells (gametes)

+Increased variation
-Large time and energy investment

Question 3

Reproductive success

Answer 3

The ability to produce fertile offspring that survive to reproductive maturity and produce offspring of their own.

Question 4

Biological fitness

Answer 4

The measure of an individuals reproductive success

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

Carry genetic information from both parents, therefore offspring contain a mix of parental genes

Question 6

Diploid

Answer 6

Two complete sets

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

Single set

Question 8

Somatic

Answer 8

Body/Non reproductive cells

Question 9

Sexual reproduction in animals

Answer 9

The union of male and female gametes (sperm and ova) can occur outside the body (external fertilisation) or inside the body (internal fertilisation)

Question 10

Internal fertilisation

Answer 10

Takes place inside the body of the female
+Increased likelihood of fertilisation
+Increased protection from environment
-Fewer offspring are produced

Question 11

External fertilisation

Answer 11

Occurs outside the body, in aquatic or moist terrestrial environments
+Larger number of gametes produced
-Species must produce large numbers of gametes

Question 12

Sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 12

• flowers are the reproductive organs
• Pollination : male gametes (pollen) are produced and transferred to the female ovules

Question 13

cross pollination

Answer 13

The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant of the same species

Question 14

Self-pollination

Answer 14

The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant

Question 15

seed dispersal

Answer 15

The movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.

Question 16

Germination

Answer 16

The process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.

Question 17

Sexual reproduction in plants (ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES)

Answer 17

+ genetic diversity within a species -> higher levels of disease resistance -> greater ability to adapt to changing conditions
-Can prevent favourable genes from being passed to offspring

Question 18

Asexual reproduction in plants e.g. vegetive popagation

Answer 18

Vegetive propagation - When a multicellular structure become detached from the parent plant and develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

Question 19

Asexual reproduction in plants (AD/DIS)

Answer 19

+Favourable traits are passed through generations
+Less energy intensive -> population can increase rapidly
-Increase susceptibility of species to new disease

Question 20

Asexual reproduction - Fungi

Answer 20

Budding - adult organism gives rise to a small bud, which separates from the parent and grows into a new individual.

Question 21

Asexual reproduction - Spores

Answer 21

Spores - Mitosis produces genetically identical cells to the parent, which are distributed into the environment