Module 5 Flashcards by Stephanie Smith

The thyroid glands produces

There are 3

T3, t4, and calcitonin

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Nitric oxide

Is a second messenger

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Cortisol

Stimulates gluconeogenesis

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The hormone that helps regulate the body’s internal clock is

Melatonin

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Lactogenic hormone is another name for

Prolactin

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The posterior pituitary gland releases

ADH

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Androgens, which are similar to testosterone are

Keyword A

Secreted by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

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Which of the following is not a tropic hormone

Prolactin

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Steroid hormones

Cause protein synthesis in the cell

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Which of the following substances is absorbed by the large intestine

There are 3

Salts, vitamin K, and water

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Which of the following is/are functions of the pancreas

There are 3

Produces enzymes that digest protein, produces protein that digest fat, and produces substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach

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Protein digestion

There 3

End products are amino acids, uses peptidase made in small intestines, and uses trypsin in the pancreas

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The tube that drains bile from the liver is the

Hepatic duct

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The part of the stomach that joins with the small intestine is the

Pylorus

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Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system

Salivary glands

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The function of bile is to

Emulsify fat and remove cholesterol from the body

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A full set of permanent teeth consists of

32 teeth

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ATP

Serves a direct source of energy for the cell

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Vitamins are

Organic compounds

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Radiation is the

Flow of heat waves from the blood

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Usable energy in the ATP molecule is stored in the

Bone between the second and third phosphate groups

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Minerals are

Inorganic substances and attached to enzymes to help them work

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Glycolysis

Has pyruvic acid as an end product

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Convection is the

Transfer of heat energy to air that is continually flowing away from the skin

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The process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Produce ATP

The corpus luteum secretes mostly

Progesterone but some estrogen

The placenta releases Keyword P there are 3

Chorionic gonadotropins, progesterone, and estrogen

The G protein

With non steroid hormone

Insulin

Is made by beta cells, has the opposite effect of glucagon, and decreases the blood glucose level

Prostaglandins, along with several other tissue hormones such as leukotrienes and thromboxane, are sometimes called Keyword p rhymes with one of your favorite bands

Paracrine agents

The hormone that has the opposite function of calcitonin is

Parathyroid hormone

Steroid hormone have hormone receptors in the

Nucleus of the cell

The use the body makes of food describes which term

Metabolism

Which process breaks food molecules into smaller molecules to release energy

Catabolism

Which process builds up food molecules into more complex molecules

Anabolism

The BMR

Is usually less than the TMR

The citric acid cycle

Occurs in the mitochondria

Basal conditions refer to

Conditions in which the person is awake but resting, not digesting food, or in a cold environment

Which blood vessels allow blood from the digestive system to be sent directly to the liver

Hepatic portal vein

Which of the following is an extension of the peritoneum Key word um

Mesentery and the greater omentum

The layer of the digestive tract contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue is the

Submucosa

The part of the stomach to the left and above the opening of the esophagus into the stomach is the

Fundus

Which bone does not make up part of the hard palate

Ethmoid bone

Which of the following processes does not occur in the digestive system exclusively

Metabolism

Which of the following is not considered an example of mechanical digestion

Amylase acting on food in the mouth

Which of the following is not a main part of the tooth

Cuspid

Which of the following is not a name for the open ended through which food passes

Digestive system

At the hepatic flexure, the

ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

bile

causes the emulsification of lipids, is made in the liver, and works in the small intestine.

The semisolid mixture in the stomach is called

chyme

Amylase is made in the

salivary glands and pancreas

From which salivary gland do the ducts that open on either side of the lingual frenulum come?

Submandibular gland

Cortisol

is made in the middle zone of the adrenal cortex, is a glucocorticoid, and has an anti-immunity effect.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a steroid hormone?

It uses cAMP as a second messenger

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of

ADH

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nonsteroid hormone?

It causes protein synthesis to occur

Aldosterone increases

blood sodium levels.

In one molecule of ATP there are:

two high-energy bonds.

Nonessential amino acids

can be made by the body from other substances

To safely lose weight:

decrease caloric intake to below TMR

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Produces vitamin A.

The electron transport system:

occurs in the mitochondria and follows the citric acid cycle

Metabolism includes

anabolism and catabolism

proteins

. are usually used by the body for catabolism and can enter glycolysis for energy release.

Proper nutrition requires the correct balance of three types of food. They are:

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Besides the three basic types of food, good nutrition requires

vitamins and minerals

The thymus gland Keyword thy

produces thymosin

Aldosterone

is produced in the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

The pineal gland is

sometimes called the “third eye."

Nonsteroid hormones can cause

the formation of cyclic AMP.

The posterior pituitary gland is called

the neurohypophysis

Aldosterone has an impact on the concentration of which substance in the blood?

Both potassium and sodium

Which of the following is not true of prostaglandins?

They are typical hormones

Which of the following statements is correct?

The cystic duct and hepatic duct join to form the common bile duct

Lining each tooth socket is

a periodontal membrane.

In which part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur?

Duodenum

Trypsin

is important in protein digestion.

The largest of the salivary glands is the

parotid gland.