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Apologia General Science > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1a. Define: Life science

A

A term that encompasses all scientific pursuits related to living organisms

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2
Q

1b. Define: Archaeology

A

The study of past human life as revealed by preserved relics

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3
Q

1c. Define: Artifact

A

Objects made by people, such as tools, weapons, containers, etc.

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4
Q

1d. Define: Geology

A

The study of earth’s history as revealed in the rocks that make up the earth

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5
Q

1e. Define: Paleontology

A

The study of life’s history as revealed in the preserved remains of once-living organisms

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6
Q

1f. Define: Aristotle’s dictum

A

The benefit of the doubt is to be given to the document itself, not assigned by the critic to himself

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7
Q

1g. Define: Known age

A

The age of an artifact as determined by a date printed on it or a reference to the artifact in a work of history

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8
Q

1h. Define: Dendrochronology

A

The process of counting tree rings to determine the age of tree

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9
Q

1i. Define: Radiometric dating

A

Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item

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10
Q

1j. Define: Absolute age

A

The calculated age of an artifact from a specific dating method that is used to determine when the artifact was made

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11
Q

1k. Define: The Principle of Superposition

A

When artifacts are found in a rock or earth that is layered, the deeper layers hold the older artifacts.

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12
Q
  1. If you wanted to learn about the history of life other than human life, would you use archaeology or paleontology?
A

paleontology

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13
Q
  1. Name the three tests used to evaluate documents that claim to be historical.
A

the internal test, the external test and the bibliographic test

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14
Q
  1. Give a brief description of each of the tests listed in #3.
A

The internal test makes sure that the document does not contradict itself. The external test makes certain the the document does contradict other known historical or archaeological facts. The bibliographic test makes certain the document we have today is essentially the same as the original.

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15
Q
  1. In what test is Aristotle’s dictum used? Why must we use it?
A

the internal test, we must use it because what seems to be a contradiction in a document might not be a contradiction

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16
Q
  1. There are 2 reasons to believe that the cope of an ancient document might not be the same as the original. One is that the person making the copy might have made some unintentional mistakes. What is the other reason?
A

Often those who are making the copy or those who are ordering the copy to be made will make intentional changes

17
Q
  1. What 2 things help a document pass the bibliographic test?
A

First, there should be a small time period between when the original was written and when the first available copy was made

18
Q
  1. Does the Bible contain any contradictions that make it fail the internal test?
A

no

19
Q
  1. Does the Bible have any difficult passages that might seem like contradictions?
A

yes

20
Q
  1. Why are the 2 accounts given in Acts 9:7 and Acts 22:9 not contradictory? Feel free to use your Bible to look up those verses.
A

The first tells us that the men heard sounds, but the second tells us that the men could not understand those sounds.

21
Q
  1. Why are the 2 genealogies of Christ given in Luke 3 and Matthew 1 not contradictory? Once again, you can use your Bible.
A

One of the genealogies traces Mary’s line, while the other traces Joseph’s line.

22
Q
  1. Why can we say that the Bible passes the external test better than any other document of its time?
A

no other work has had so much archaeological evidence compared to it

23
Q
  1. Suppose a document passes the internal and bibliographic tests but some of the conclusions of archaeologists go against what the document says. If the document has some other external support (other historical documents or some archaeological evidence), why should you not automatically say that it fails the external test?
A

Sometimes, it turns out that archaeology is wrong

24
Q
  1. Why can we say that the New Testament passes the bibliographic test better than any other document of its time?
A

The New Testament has significantly shorter time spans between original and copy as compared to any other work of the same time period. It also has thousands more supporting documents than any other document of its time.

25
Q
  1. Does the Old Testament pass the bibliographic test?
A

Yes

26
Q
  1. The age of an ancient settlement is determined by using dendrochronology on some firewood that had been chopped down but never used by the inhabitants. Does the settlement have a known age or an absolute age?
A

absolute

27
Q
  1. A coffin of a great king is discovered. The date of the king’s death is recorded in a document of history. Does the coffin have a known age or an absolute age?
A

known age

28
Q
  1. If an archaeologist gives an absolute age for an artifact, does that mean we know for certain how old the artifact is?
A

no

29
Q
  1. Why does an archaeologist use master tree ring patterns?
A

Master tree ring patterns help the archaeologist determine the age of preserved logs.

30
Q
  1. What is the underlying assumption of the Principle of Superposition?
A

in rock or soil that is layered, the layers were formed one at a time

31
Q
  1. Suppose an archaeologist uses dendrochronology to determine that a city was built in 2500 B.C. Several years later, another archaeologist is digging deeper under the site of the city and, in a lower layer of soil, he finds the remains of another city. Unfortunately, there is nothing he can use for any dating technique. He can still conclude something about the age of the city. Assuming the Principle of Superposition is true in this situation, what can he conclude?
A

He can conclude that the city he found was built before 2500 B.C.

32
Q
  1. Besides being discussed in the most accurate historical document of its time, what other historical evidence exists to indicate that t worldwide flood actually did occur?
A

There are many seemingly unrelated cultures that all have a worldwide flood tale.

Apologia General Science (16 decks)

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