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HSC BIOLOGY > MODULE 5 > Flashcards

MODULE 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is reproduction

A

It is a biological process through which living organisms produce offsprings similar to themselves

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2
Q

What does reproduction ensure?

A

The continuation of various species on earth

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3
Q

What are the two methods of reproduction?

A
  1. Asexual

2. Sexual

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4
Q

Characteristics of Asexual reproduction

A
  • involves only one parent
  • no union of gametes
  • produces genetically identical off spring to parent
  • results in haploid cell
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5
Q

Characteristics of sexual reproduction

A
  • involves the union go gametes
  • forms genetically different off spring
  • results in diploid cell
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6
Q

What are the two methods of fertilisation?

A
  1. External

2. Internal

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7
Q

Advantages of internal fertilisation

A
  • fertilisation more likely to occur
  • embryo protected form predators
  • offspring more likely to survive
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8
Q

Advantages of external fertilisation

A
  • little energy required to mate

- large numbers of offspring produced

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9
Q

Disadvantages of internal fertilisation

A
  • higher energy requirement to find mate
  • less offspring produced
  • more energy required
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10
Q

Disadvantages of external fertilisation

A
  • many gametes go unfertilised

- offspring often not protected by parents

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11
Q

External fertilisation example

A

Staghorn Coral

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12
Q

Asexual reproduction in plants methods

A
  • Budding
  • Binary fission
  • Spores
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13
Q

Process of budding

A

Part of plant breaks away and then regrows by itself forming a identical clone

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14
Q

Whats an example of vegetative propagation

A

Budding

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15
Q

Whats the way bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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16
Q

Steps involved in Binary fission

A
  1. Replication of DNA
  2. growth of cell
  3. segregation of DNA
  4. Splitting of cells
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17
Q

What are gymnosperms

A

Vascular, non flowering seed plants e.g conifers, Wollemi pine

18
Q

What are Angiosperms

A

Seed producing via flowers

19
Q

What are Mosses and Ferns

A

two seperate groups that reproduce sexually with spores

20
Q

What is the male gametes in a plant?

A

Gametes

21
Q

Where does fertilisation occur in a plant

A

internally in the ovary

22
Q

Define Cross pollination

A

When pollen from another plant lands on the stigma of a plant

23
Q

Whats an advantage for cross pollination

A

greater genetic diversity

24
Q

Define self pollination

A

If the pollen from the same plant lands on the stigma of the same plant

25
Q

What happens when the ovary is fertilised

A

The ovary then grows into a fruit

26
Q

Where is male gametes formed in a human?

A

In the testes

27
Q

What is the role of the penis in sexual reproduction

A

To excrete sperm into the vagina in order for fertilisation to occur

28
Q

Label the male and female gametes

A

male - Sperm

Female - Ovum

29
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

in the brain

30
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus

A

Controls the release of other hormones from the pituitary gland

31
Q

What are the three main groups of reproductive hormones

A
  1. Androgens
  2. Oestrogens
  3. Progestogens
32
Q

how long does a menstrual cycle last

A

28 days

33
Q

What are the two groups of hormones that control the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Pituitary hormones

2. Ovarian hormones

34
Q

What are the two hormones in the pituitary hormone group

A
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

- Luteinizing hormone (LH)

35
Q

What are the two hormones in the ovarian hormone group

A
  • oestrogen

- Progesterone

36
Q

Where are all the hormones produced

A
  • FSH and LH produced in the pituitary gland

- Estrogen and Progestrone produced in Ovaries

37
Q

What does progesterone do

A

facilitates the thickening of the the uterine lining

38
Q

What does Oestrogen do

A

inhibits production of Luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone hence preventing release of more eggs

39
Q

What is the role of the hCH hormone

A

Promoting maintenance of the corpus luteum

40
Q

When does the placenta take over hormonal role

A

around 12 weeks

HSC BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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