module 4.1 Flashcards
what is a homologous series
a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure
what is an aromatic hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring
what is a saturated compound
a compound that only has single bonds
what is a functional group
a group of atoms that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound
what is general formula
the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series
what is displayed formula
shows the relative positions or atoms and the bonds between them
what is structural formula
provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
what is skeletal formula
a simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains
what is an unsaturated organic chemical
an unsaturated organic chemical contains at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond
what is molecular formula
shows the numbers and type of atoms of each element in a compound
what are structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
what are stereoisomers
organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space
what is cis-trans isomerism
a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substitute groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c bond are the same
what is E/Z isomerism
a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond - two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c double bond
what are reaction mechanisms
models that show the movement of electron pairs during a reaction
what do curly arrows do
model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms
what is homolytic fission
happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals
what is a radical
a species with one or more unpaired electron
what is heterolytic fission
happens when one bonding atom revives both electrons from the bonding pair
what are alkanes
a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons
what is complete combustion
oxidising a fuel in a plentiful supply of air
what is incomplete combustion
oxidising a duel in a limited supply of air
