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Chemistry Year 12 > module 4.1 > Flashcards

module 4.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2

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2
Q

what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

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3
Q

what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

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4
Q

what is an aromatic hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

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5
Q

what is a saturated compound

A

a compound that only has single bonds

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6
Q

what is a functional group

A

a group of atoms that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound

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7
Q

what is general formula

A

the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

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8
Q

what is displayed formula

A

shows the relative positions or atoms and the bonds between them

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9
Q

what is structural formula

A

provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

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10
Q

what is skeletal formula

A

a simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains

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11
Q

what is an unsaturated organic chemical

A

an unsaturated organic chemical contains at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond

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12
Q

what is molecular formula

A

shows the numbers and type of atoms of each element in a compound

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13
Q

what are structural isomers

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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14
Q

what are stereoisomers

A

organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space

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15
Q

what is cis-trans isomerism

A

a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substitute groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c bond are the same

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16
Q

what is E/Z isomerism

A

a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond - two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c double bond

17
Q

what are reaction mechanisms

A

models that show the movement of electron pairs during a reaction

18
Q

what do curly arrows do

A

model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms

19
Q

what is homolytic fission

A

happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals

20
Q

what is a radical

A

a species with one or more unpaired electron

21
Q

what is heterolytic fission

A

happens when one bonding atom revives both electrons from the bonding pair

22
Q

what are alkanes

A

a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons

23
Q

what is complete combustion

A

oxidising a fuel in a plentiful supply of air

24
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

oxidising a duel in a limited supply of air

25
Q

what are alkenes

A

a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons

26
Q

what is an electrophile

A

an electron-pair acceptor

27
Q

what are monomers

A

small molecules that are used to make polymers

28
Q

what are polymers

A

macromolecules made from small repeating units

29
Q

what is a repeating unit

A

a specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in a structure over and over again

30
Q

what is biodegradable material

A

materials are affected by the action of microorganisms and environmental conditions leading to decomposition

31
Q

what is a bioplastic

A

a material made from a renewable source that is biodegradable

32
Q

what is a sigma bond

A

the direct overlap or the electron cloud from each atom

33
Q

what is a pi bond

A

formed by electrons in the adjacent p-orbitals overlapping above and below the atoms

34
Q

what is markownikoffs rule

A

the carbocation will be formed in the most stable position where there are the most alkyl groups attached

35
Q

how do you determine priority according to the cahn ingol prelog rule

A

the group with the biggest ATOMIC number

Chemistry Year 12 (7 decks)

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