MODULE 4 - UNIT 1: THE CLINICAL LABORATORY SECTION Flashcards
The branch of medical science involves the analysis of the chemical composition of body fluids.
Clinical Chemistry
Two main origins of Chemical Chemistry
Organic and Physiological Chemistry
He is theFather of Medicine and author of Hippocratic Oath
Hippocrates
He introduced the anatomic approach of the disease process and explain disease in localized pathologic anatomy
Giovanni Morgagni
He is the Father of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
He believed that the disease is caused by imbalances of humor in the body and sparks interest in observing body fluids.
Hippocrates
The two elements named by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
Oxygen and Hydrogen
He discovered the role of oxygen in the combustion process and respiration is a slow combustion process
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
He belief that chemical analysis is a refined type of dissection and sparks interest in the examination of body fluids
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
They believed that man is not unique and there is continuity between man and animals.
Darwinists
They believed that animals are no more than machines and that life could be explained fully by chemical and physical principles and properties alone
Mechanists
They believed that living organisms contain a vital force and the very essence of life.
Vitalists.
Vitalists believed that processes within a living organism are unique and cannot be duplicated in a laboratory.
True
Vitro synthesis of organic compounds is possible and accept that chemistry has a role in physiology.
False
Who are the leading figures in Mechanists?
Rene Descartes
Card Ludwig
Ernst Brucke
Emil Du - Bois Reymond
He was successful in isolating urea from urine samples
Antoine Francois de Fourcoy
He provides the first proof that vitalism is wrong
Friedrich Wohler
Friedrich Wohler synthesizes urea in vitro by evaporating an isometric solution of ________ to prove that organic substances can be synthesized in vitro without any vital force in a living organism.
Ammonium Cyanate
He synthesizes organic compounds such as ethanol, formic acid, and benzene in vitro via chemical treatments of inorganic compounds
Marcellin Berthelot
He discovered that glycogen was formed by the liver which contradicted the vitalism belief that only plants can produce complex compounds
Claude Bernard
He was the first to observe that urea and albumin concentration in plasma decreases as their concentration increases in the urine of the patient
John Bostock
He developed the alkaline picrate method for the determination of creatinine concentration.
Max Jaffe
developed a method for the production of a protein-free filtrate that can be used for determining blood sugar.
Otto Knut Folin together with Hsien Wu
He developed the Duboscq type colorimeter for the measurement of creatinine in urine.
Otto Knut Folin
He invented a volumetric gas-measuring apparatus for the determination of carbon dioxide concentration
Donald Dexter Van Slyke
They correlated variations/ abnormal values with pathologic conditions and elucidated metabolic
pathways in health and disease
Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke
Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke determined the ________
Reference intervals of chemicals/analytes
He proposed that American hospitals must employ clinical chemists to advance their ability to differentiate between the physiologic and the pathologic.
Otto Knut Folin
In what year does the position of a Chemist - Microscopist was established?
1851
It is the Hospital that recognized the powerful aid that the science of medicine has received from the study of organic chemistry and knowledge and use of
the microscope
Massachusetts General Hospital
How much is the price of the microscope that Massachusetts General Hospital purchased?
50 US Dollars
In what century does an average medical student or average practitioner barely had a nodding acquaintance with chemistry and could not use a microscope.
19th Century
He quotes that “Chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine.” and “Chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine.”
Thomas Hodgkin
He stressed the practical diagnostic value of chemistry and urged the medical school curriculum to use English as the medium of instruction.
Henry Bence Jones
Credited as the first to make the true connection between chemistry and medical practice and was a vitalist and advocated the benefits to be derived from the application of chemistry to physiology in the treatment of diseases.
William Prout
