MODULE 4 - UNIT 1: THE CLINICAL LABORATORY SECTION

Question 1

The branch of medical science involves the analysis of the chemical composition of body fluids.

Answer 1

Clinical Chemistry

Question 2

Two main origins of Chemical Chemistry

Answer 2

Organic and Physiological Chemistry

Question 3

He is theFather of Medicine and author of Hippocratic Oath

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

He introduced the anatomic approach of the disease process and explain disease in localized pathologic anatomy

Answer 4

Giovanni Morgagni

Question 5

He is the Father of Modern Chemistry

Answer 5

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Question 6

He believed that the disease is caused by imbalances of humor in the body and sparks interest in observing body fluids.

Answer 6

Hippocrates

Question 7

The two elements named by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Answer 7

Oxygen and Hydrogen

Question 8

He discovered the role of oxygen in the combustion process and respiration is a slow combustion process

Answer 8

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Question 9

He belief that chemical analysis is a refined type of dissection and sparks interest in the examination of body fluids

Answer 9

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Question 10

They believed that man is not unique and there is continuity between man and animals.

Answer 10

Darwinists

Question 11

They believed that animals are no more than machines and that life could be explained fully by chemical and physical principles and properties alone

Answer 11

Mechanists

Question 12

They believed that living organisms contain a vital force and the very essence of life.

Answer 12

Vitalists.

Question 13

Vitalists believed that processes within a living organism are unique and cannot be duplicated in a laboratory.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Vitro synthesis of organic compounds is possible and accept that chemistry has a role in physiology.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Who are the leading figures in Mechanists?

Answer 15

Rene Descartes
Card Ludwig
Ernst Brucke
Emil Du - Bois Reymond

Question 16

He was successful in isolating urea from urine samples

Answer 16

Antoine Francois de Fourcoy

Question 17

He provides the first proof that vitalism is wrong

Answer 17

Friedrich Wohler

Question 18

Friedrich Wohler synthesizes urea in vitro by evaporating an isometric solution of ________ to prove that organic substances can be synthesized in vitro without any vital force in a living organism.

Answer 18

Ammonium Cyanate

Question 19

He synthesizes organic compounds such as ethanol, formic acid, and benzene in vitro via chemical treatments of inorganic compounds

Answer 19

Marcellin Berthelot

Question 20

He discovered that glycogen was formed by the liver which contradicted the vitalism belief that only plants can produce complex compounds

Answer 20

Claude Bernard

Question 21

He was the first to observe that urea and albumin concentration in plasma decreases as their concentration increases in the urine of the patient

Answer 21

John Bostock

Question 22

He developed the alkaline picrate method for the determination of creatinine concentration.

Answer 22

Max Jaffe

Question 23

developed a method for the production of a protein-free filtrate that can be used for determining blood sugar.

Answer 23

Otto Knut Folin together with Hsien Wu

Question 24

He developed the Duboscq type colorimeter for the measurement of creatinine in urine.

Answer 24

Otto Knut Folin

Question 25

He invented a volumetric gas-measuring apparatus for the determination of carbon dioxide concentration

Answer 25

Donald Dexter Van Slyke

Question 26

They correlated variations/ abnormal values with pathologic conditions and elucidated metabolic
pathways in health and disease

Answer 26

Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke

Question 27

Otto Knut Folin and Donald Dexter Van Slyke determined the ________

Answer 27

Reference intervals of chemicals/analytes

Question 28

He proposed that American hospitals must employ clinical chemists to advance their ability to differentiate between the physiologic and the pathologic.

Answer 28

Otto Knut Folin

Question 29

In what year does the position of a Chemist - Microscopist was established?

Answer 29

1851

Question 30

It is the Hospital that recognized the powerful aid that the science of medicine has received from the study of organic chemistry and knowledge and use of
the microscope

Answer 30

Massachusetts General Hospital

Question 31

How much is the price of the microscope that Massachusetts General Hospital purchased?

Answer 31

50 US Dollars

Question 32

In what century does an average medical student or average practitioner barely had a nodding acquaintance with chemistry and could not use a microscope.

Answer 32

19th Century

Question 33

He quotes that “Chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine.” and “Chemical studies are relevant to clinical medicine.”

Answer 33

Thomas Hodgkin

Question 34

He stressed the practical diagnostic value of chemistry and urged the medical school curriculum to use English as the medium of instruction.

Answer 34

Henry Bence Jones

Question 35

Credited as the first to make the true connection between chemistry and medical practice and was a vitalist and advocated the benefits to be derived from the application of chemistry to physiology in the treatment of diseases.

Answer 35

William Prout