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NURS 5334 - Advanced Pharmacology > Module 4 Review > Flashcards

Module 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are sympathetic drugs used for?

A
  • HTN
  • Heart failure
  • Angina
  • Asthma
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2
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

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3
Q

What receptors does Acetylcholine mediate?

A

Cholinergic

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4
Q

What receptors does Norepi/Epinephrine mediate?

A

Adrenergic

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5
Q

What are cholinergic receptor subtypes?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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6
Q

What are adrenergic receptor subtypes?

A

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2, dopamine

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7
Q

What are the functions of Alpha1 receptors when activated?

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • ejaculation
  • contraction of bladder neck and prostate
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8
Q

What are the functions of Alpha2 receptors when activated?

A
  • in CNS: reductions of sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels and relief of severe pain
  • not much clinical significance in periphery
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9
Q

What are the functions of Beta1 receptors when activated?

A
  • heart (increases HR and force of contraction)
  • kidney (renin release)
  • conduction of AV node
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10
Q

What are the functions of Beta2 receptors when activated?

A
  • bronchial dilation
  • relaxation of uterine muscle
  • vasodilation
  • glycogenolysis
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11
Q

What are the functions of Dopamine receptors when activated?

A

dilates renal blood vessels

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12
Q

What are examples of Cholinergic drugs?

A

Bethanecol
Cevimeline
Pilocarpine
Acetylcholine

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13
Q

How does Bethanecol work when taken?

A

constricts bronchi, increases GI tone and motility, contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxes trigone and sphincter

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14
Q

What are adverse effects of Bethanecol?

A

hypotension, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, increased salivation, asthma exacerbation, dysrhythmias in pts with hyperthyroidism (contraindication)

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15
Q

Therapeutic use of Bethanecol?

A

urinary retention, off label use to treat GI reflux

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16
Q

Therapeutic use of Cevimeline?

A

treats dry mouth in Sjogren’s Syndrome

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17
Q

Therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

A

topical therapy for glaucoma

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18
Q

Therapeutic use of Acetylcholine?

A

used for meiosis (pupil constriction) after cataract surgery

19
Q

What drug is used to treat muscarinic poisoning?

A

Atropine (anti-cholinergic)

20
Q

What are drugs that turn off Parasympathetic NS receptors?

A

Muscarinic antagonists = Parasympatholytic drugs = antimuscarinic drugs = muscarinic blockers = anticholinergic drugs

21
Q

Examples of anticholinergic drugs

A 
Atropine
Oxybutinin
Darifenacin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Fesoterodine
Trospium
Scopolamine
22
Q

What are pharmacologic effects of Atropine?

A
  • increase HR
  • decrease secretions in exocrine glads
  • relaxes smooth muscle in the bronchi
  • decreases tone of the urinary bladder detrusor
  • decreases GI tone and motility
  • mydriasis and cyclopegia in the eyes
  • mild excitation to hallucinations and deliriu,
23
Q

Therapeutic uses of Atropine?

A
  • Pre-anesthetic medication
  • disorders of the eye
  • bradycardia
  • intestinal hypertonicity and hypermotility
  • muscarinic agonist poisoning
  • PUD
  • asthma
  • biliary colic
24
Q

Side effects of Atropine

A

“cant pee, cant see, cant spit, cant shit”

dry mouth, blurred vision, increased IOP, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, asthma

25
Q

Activation of Alpha1 receptors does what?

A

vasoconstriction and mydriasis

26
Q

Therapeutic applications of Alpha1 activation?

A
  • hemostasis
  • nasal decongestion
  • adjunct to local anesthesia
  • elevation of BP
  • mydriasis: dilation of pupil for surgery
27
Q

Adverse effects of Alpha1 activation?

A
  • HTN
  • necrosis
  • bradycardia
28
Q

Therapeutic uses for Alpha1 BLOCKADE?

A

BPH, Raynaud’s disease, pheochromocytoma

29
Q

Adverse effects of Alpha1 blockade?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • reflex tachycardia
  • nasal congestion
  • inhibition of ejaculation
  • Na+ retention
30
Q

Blockade of Alpha2 receptors does what?

A

Reflex tachycardia

31
Q

Examples of drugs with Beta 1 receptors?

A 
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Isoprotenerenol
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Ephedrine
32
Q

Therapeutic use for Beta 1 receptors?

A
  • CHF: inotropic effect
  • Shock
  • AV heart block (enhances impulse conduction in AV node)
  • Cardiac arrest
33
Q

Activation of Beta 2 receptors does what?

A

bronchodilation & relaxation of uterus muscle

34
Q

Therapeutic use of Beta 2 activation?

A

asthma & delay of pre-term labor

35
Q

Therapeutic use of Beta 2 BLOCKADE?

A
  • Angina
  • HTN
  • Cardiac arrhtyhmias
  • MI
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Migraine prophylaxis
  • pheochromocytoma
  • glaucoma
36
Q

Beta blocker drugs approved for HF?

A

Carvedilol
Metoprolol Succinate
Bisoprolol

37
Q

Non-cardioselective beta blocker drugs

A

Carvedilol
Propranolol
Nadolol

38
Q

Cardioselective beta blocker drugs

A 
"A-BEAM"
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Esmolol
Acebutol
Metoprolol
39
Q

Which would be used for asthmatics and diabetics?

Noncardioselective BB or Cardioselective BB?

A

Cardioselective BBs (“A-BEAM”)

40
Q

Adverse effects of Beta 1 blockade

A
  • bradycardia
  • decreased CO
  • precipitation of HF
  • AV heart block
  • rebound cardiac excitation
41
Q

Adverse effects of Beta 2 blockade

A
  • bronchoconstriction

- hypoglycemia

42
Q

Examples of indirect-acting antiadrenergic agents

A 
Clonidine
Guanabenz
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
Methyldopate
43
Q

Preferred BP med to be used in pregnancy

A

Methyldopa/Methyldopate

NURS 5334 - Advanced Pharmacology (2 decks)

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