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Physics 2 > Module 4 : Resolution > Flashcards

Module 4 : Resolution Flashcards

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1
Q

resolution

A
  • most important thing to consider

- 3 aspects

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2
Q

3 aspects of resolution

A
  • detail (spatial)
  • contrast
  • temporal
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3
Q

detailed resolution types

A
  • axial (y)
  • lateral (x)
  • elevational (z)
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4
Q

axial resolution

A
  • ability to separate reflectors along the path of the beam

- dependant of the SPL and is calculated by 1/2 SPL

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5
Q

axial resolution equation

A

AR = 1/2 SPL

SPL decreases axial resolution improves

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6
Q

high frequency probes + axial

A
  • increased frequency = decreased wavelength = decreased SPL = increased AR
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7
Q

wide bandwidth + axial

A
  • wider bandwidth = shorter pulse = increased AR
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8
Q

decreased wavelength + axial

A
  • decreased wavelength = decreased SPL = increased AR
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9
Q

increased dampening + axial

A
  • increased dampening = decreased RD = decreased SPL = increased AR
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10
Q

low Q factor + axial

A
  • lower Q = increased AR
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11
Q

axial resolution names

A 
- LARD
\+ longitudinal 
\+ axial
\+ range
\+ depth
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12
Q

lateral resolution

A
  • ability to separate reflectors perpendicular to path of beam
  • dependent on width of beam
  • not constant with depth
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13
Q

beam width and lateral resolution

A
  • beam width decreases lateral resolution improves
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14
Q

distance form probe + lateral

A
  • beam shape changes with depth

- wider = worse lateral

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15
Q

amount of focusing + lateral

A
  • lateral resolution increases at the focus but worse everywhere else especially far field
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16
Q

size of aperture + lateral

A
  • shortens NZL so improves at focus but worse everywhere else
17
Q

NZL = lateral

A
  • pushed deeper get better lateral resolution deeper
18
Q

higher frequency + lateral

A
  • pushes near zone length deeper improving lateral resolution
19
Q

lateral resolution names

A
  • LATA
  • latera
  • angular
  • transverse
  • azimuthal
20
Q

elevational resolution

A
  • also known as slice thickness ability to separate reflectors perpendicular to image plane beam
  • just like lateral resolution dependent on width of beam in Z axis
  • fixed
  • beam width in z axis decreases elevational resolution increases
21
Q

higher the frequency + elevational

A
  • pushed near zone length not penetrating deeper but better resolution
22
Q

amount of focusing in z plane + elevational

A
  • external mechanical focusing

- cannot be controlled but more focusing is better

23
Q

NZL + elevational plane

A
  • longer = better

- shorter = worse

24
Q

distance from probe + elevational

A
  • gets worse deeper without focusing
25
Q

contrast resolution

A
  • ability to distinguish subtle differences in tissue gray scale
  • related to bit depth
  • higher bit depth more shade of gray more stuff to do with dynamic range
26
Q

temporal resolution

A
  • ability to appreciate moving structures in real time
  • related to frame rate
  • frame rate increases temporal resolution increase
27
Q

temporal resolution formula

A

PRF = n x LPF x FR

n = number of foci
LPF = lines per Frame
FR = frame rate
28
Q

temporal resolution formula with penetration

A

penetration (cm) x n x LPF x FR
= 77000 cm/s
- 77000 used because it represents Hal the average speed of sound in soft tissue
- if you exceed this you get range ambiguity

29
Q

depth of penetration + temporal

A
  • have to go deeper takes longer for it to come back = less FR = less TR
30
Q

number of foci + temporal

A
  • hard to look at more than one thing
  • have to add scan lines for every focus
  • decrease FR = decrease TR
31
Q

sector width + temporal

A
  • sector down = less lines per scan = less FR = less TR
32
Q

number of lines per frame

A
  • increase lines per Frame = decrease FR = decrease TR

- want not a lot of interpolation

33
Q

frame rate + temporal

A
  • increase FR = increase TR

Physics 2 (8 decks)

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