module 4: research methods

Question 1

Independent Variable (IV):

Answer 1

factors being manipulated during the experiment

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

factors that are being observed and measured to determine the effects of the independent variable

Question 3

control group

Answer 3

a control group in an experiment that doesn’t receive the experimental treatment. It is a comparison to the group that’s receives treatment

Question 4

confounds

Answer 4

factors other than the independent variable that may cause a result.

Question 5

extraneous variable

Answer 5

any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially affect the outcomes of your research study

Question 6

Observer/Experimenter Bias:

Answer 6

when the results are influenced by the researcher

Question 7

Participant Bias:

Answer 7

factors that influence participants’ behavior or responses in a study.

Question 8

Demand Characteristics

Answer 8

Participants might alter their behaviour or responses based on their understanding or expectations of the study’s purpose.

Question 9

Placebo Effect:

Answer 9

participants are told they are given a treatment to improve their health even if there was a treatment, there will not be any effect.

Question 10

Double Blind Studies:

Answer 10

Neither groups; participants and researchers, do not know which group received the treatment and which group was controlled.

Question 11

Sample and Population:

Answer 11

sample: selected participants from a large group or population
population: a large group that the researcher is interested in studying in

Question 12

Random Sample:

Answer 12

participants selected from a population in which everyone will have an equal chance

Question 13

Stratified Random Sample:

Answer 13

divided to subgroups based on characteristics and then picking a random sample out of that (strata)

Question 14

Sample of Convenience:

Answer 14

non-random sample
where participants are selected based on their ease of availability or accessibility
can be biases

Question 15

whats experimental research design

Question 16

whats correlational research design

Question 17

whats quasi-experimental design