Module 4 organic pathways

Question 1

Alkane to alkene?

Answer 1

Cracking
High temp and pressure

Question 2

Alkene to alkane?

Answer 2

Hydrogenation
H2 and Ni catalyst
Electrophilic addition

Question 3

Alkene to polymer?

Answer 3

Addition polymerisation

Question 4

Alkane to haloalkane?

Answer 4

Radical substitution
Halogen and UV light

Question 5

Alkene to haloalkane?

Answer 5

Halogenation
Halogen (and heat)
Electrophilic addition

Question 6

Alkene to alcohol?

Answer 6

Hydration
Steam, high temp and pressure, H3PO4 catalyst
Electrophilic addition

Question 7

Alcohol to alkene?

Answer 7

Dehydration
Heat, conc H2SO4
Elimination

Question 8

Haloalkane to alcohol?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis
OH- supplier (water)
Nucleophilic substitution

Question 9

Alcohol to haloalkane?

Answer 9

Halide substitution
Hydrogen halide or halide salt (NaBr), conc H2SO4, (heat). If iodide used, H3PO4
Mechanism not needed

Question 10

Alcohol to ketone?

Answer 10

Oxidation
Secondary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, reflux and heat

Question 11

Alcohol to aldehyde?

Answer 11

Partial oxidation
Primary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, distillation, heat

Question 12

Alcohol to carboxylic acid?

Answer 12

Full oxidation
Primary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, reflux, heat

Question 13

Carboxylic acid to ester?

Answer 13

Esterification
H2SO4 and alcohol (heat to increase rate)