Module 4 IPM Flashcards
Internal farm nutrient sources
Soi, subsoil, legume plants, crop residues, green manure, animal manure, compost.
This are barriers used to resducr and redirect wind.
Windbreaks
This is windbreaks are made up of living plants.
Shelter belt
The following are the factors affecting effectiveness of windbreak:
Height
Density
Number of rows
Species composition
Orientation
Continuity
This is the most important factor determining the downwind area protected by a windbreak.
Windbreak height (H)
This value varies from windbreak to windbreak, and increases as the windbreak matures.
Windbreak height (H)
True or false. In multiple windbreaks, the height of the tallest tree-row determines the value of H.
True
Is the ratio of the solid portion of the barrier to the total area of the barrier.
Windbreak density
Wind flows through the open portions of windbreak, this the more solid a windbreak, the less wind passes through.
Windbreak density
Windbreaks are most effective when oriented at right angles to prevailing winds.
Orientation
The purpose and design of each windbreak is unique, the orientation of individual windbreaks depends on the design objectives.
Orientation
Windbreaks provide wildlife habitat benefits:
Amenity
Recreation
Hunting
User fees
Regulating amount of light received by plants;
Windbreak shading
-Regulating amount of light received by plants
-Varying plant density
-provision of shade
-a function of seeding rate, distance between hills and distance between rows.
Windbreak shading
Crop where reduction of die-back and shoot-rot disease when provided with shade at the seedling stage.
Coconut seedlings
Crops which needs shading ?
Coffee, cacao, lanzones, mangosteen, anthurium, orchids, grafted and budded plants
Judicious or purposive removal of plant parts (roots,
stem, leaves, flowers, fruits).
Pruning
Main objectives of pruning:
a. Control size
b. control form
c. Achieve better plant performance
A tree or shrub that has been dwarfed, as by pruning
the roots and pinching, and is grown in a pot or other
container and trained to produce a desired shape or
effect.
Bonsai
Aged, minitiature tree
Bonsai
The practice or art of training,
cutting, and trimming trees or
shrubs into odd or ornamental
shapes.
Topiary
Effects of Pruning:
a. reduces stored carbohydrates and leaf area available
for carbohydrate production
b. temporarily arrest apical dominance
c. excessive top pruning stimulates vegetative growth and
suppresses flowering but root pruning increases
flowering
Advantages of Pruning:
a. a way of rejuvenating old trees
b. minimizing the bad effects of overcrowding, thus
reducing competition for light
c. a means of discarding unproductive plant parts
A type of pruning Cuts where it is done by removing the terminal
portion of the shoot but retaining the
basal portion.
Heading back
Increase branching in
flowering and foliage plants.
Pinching
-done by removing the entire
shoots
- an extension of heading back.
Thinning out
Types of chemicals for pruning
Cycocel
• Daminozide
• NAA
t h e p h y s i o l o g i c a l r e a c t i o n o f
organisms to the length of night or a
dark period
PHOTOPERIODISM
the developmental responses of
plants to the relative lengths of light
and dark periods
PHOTOPERIODISM
The daylength which separates the inductive from the
non-inductive ranges of photoperiod.
Critical Daylength (CDL)
In Critical Daylength (CDL) They are classified under three groups according to the
photoperiods:
- Long day plants
2.Short day plants - Day Neutral plants
plants require a relatively short
day light period (usually 8-10
hours) and a continuous dark
period of about 14-16 hours for
subsequent flowering
Short Day Plant
also known as long-night plants
Short Day Plant
Examples of short day plants.
c h r y s a n t h e m u m ,
poinsettias, coffee, soybean,
tobacco
This are the windbreaks Alter Microclimate?
Guidance
Filtration
Obstruction
Deflection
Enumerate the Internal farm nutrient sources ?
soil, subsoil, legume
plants, crop residues, green manure, animal manure,
compost.
External nutrient sources ?
from farm surroundings
Enumerate the Imported nutrient sources?
organic fertilizers, communal
waste products, mineral fertilizers, fodder
Farm manure, crop wastes, green
manures are example of what Organic and Biological Plant Nutrient Sources?
Organic manures
Enumerate the different kinds of biofertilizer?
Rhizobium,
Azospiri l l ium,
azol la,
blue green algae,
and
mycorrhiza
Rhizobium is biofertilizer or bio-pesticide
Biofertilizer
Azotobactor is biofertilizer of bio fungicide
Biofertilizer
PSB is biofertilizer or bio-pesticide ?
Biofertilizer
Trichoderma is biofertilizer or bio fungicide?
Bio fungicide
Bio neem gold is biofertilizer, bio-pesticide, or bio fungicide?
Bio pesticide
Different types of mineral chemical fertilizers?
• Controlled/slow release
fertilizers
• Liquid fertilizers
Estimates of nitrogen fixed by Peanut?
27-206
Legume plants that has100-300 Estimates of nitrogen fixed ?
Alfalfa
Legume plants that has 100-150 Estimates of nitrogen fixed ?
Legume plants that has 4-200 Estimates of nitrogen fixed ?
Pigeon pea
Legume plants that has 9-125 Estimates of nitrogen fixed ?
Cowpea
Legume plants that has 49-450 Estimates of nitrogen fixed ?
Soybean
Different types Management of Organic and biological
Nutrient Sources?
• Crop/animal residue composting (use of compost
fungus activator, vermicomposting, use of bio-
inoculants)
• Composting of municipal solid wastes
• Composting of sludges (mud deposits from riverbed)
• Poultry waste management
Different type of Strategies to increase Nutrient
Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE)?
- Split application of N fertilizers
- Band over broadcast application
- Use of nitrification inhibitors
- Use of slow release fertilizers
- Foliar application
- Fertigation
