Module 4 Definitions Flashcards
General formula
Simplest algebraic formula for a member of a homologous series
Molecular formula
Number and types of atoms of each element in a molecules
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Structural formula
Minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecul3
Displayed formula
Relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
Simplified organic formula shows by removing hydrogen and leaving a carbon skeleton and associated functions groups
Homologous series
Series of organic compounds having the same functional group and same general formula but with each successive member differing by CH2
Functional group
Group of atoms responsible for characteristic of a reaction
Alkyl groups
Of formula CnH2n+1
R
Used to represent alkyl groups or fragment s of compounds not involved in reactions
Aliphatic
Chain of carbons
Not aromatic
Can be alicyclic
Alicyclic
Cyclic of carbons
Not aromatic
Aromatic
Compound containing benzene ring
Saturated
Single C-C bonds only
Unsaturated
Prescense of multiple carbon bonds eg C=C or aromatic rings
Structural isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula
Radical
Species with unpaired electron eg Cl•
Sigma bonds
Overlap of orbitals directly between bonding atoms
Pi bond
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms
Stereoisomers
Compounds with same structural formula but with different arrangements in Space
Electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
