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RT 6 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

Pulmonary circulation

1
Q

What is the function of the right Atrium and right ventricle

A

To pump and propel oxygenated blood to the lungs

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2
Q

What is the function of the left a atrium and ventrical?

A

To pump and propel oxygenated blood throughout the systemic circulation

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3
Q

What Divides the left from this right side of the heart ?

A

It’s separated by septum - inter

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4
Q

How much does the heart weigh?

A

200-250 gm

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5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Enclosed in the media steinem in between the 2nd and 5th intercostal space heart rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm anterior to the vertebral column and posterier to the sternum. Approx. Me 2/3 of the heart lies on the Left

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6
Q

What protects, anchors and prevents the heart from over filling?

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

, it lines the heart’s chambersA thick contractile middle layer of the heart, bulk of the heart characteristic cross striations of muscular tissue.

A

Myocardium

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8
Q

Inner myocardial surface, glistening white sheet of squamous epithelium that rests on a thin connective tissue. Located in the inner myocardial surface.

A

Endocardium

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9
Q

What are the layers of the heart, outer most to the inner most layers?

A 
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Layer of serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Visceral layer of serous  pericardium (epicardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
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10
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to the left LV and LA

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11
Q

Right coronary artery?

A

Supplies blood to RA and RV

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12
Q

What happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is not sufficient enough for the demand?

A

Heart attack

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13
Q

What are mammary arteries used for?

A

Replacement vessels for the heart during a heart attack.

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14
Q

What cautions should be taken if mammary arteries are used for a cabg?

A

Must be careful with by not using too much peep. May rip sutures

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15
Q

Where does the anterior side of the heart empty to?

A

Anterior side of heart empties into the great cardiac veins

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16
Q

Where does the Posterior side of the heart empty to?

A

Empties to the middle cardiac veins
- Both cardiac veins converge and empty into
coronary sinus
- Some collected into thebesian veins (RA and LA)
- Contributes to anatomical shunt.

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17
Q

What is the vascular system divided into?

A

Pulmonary vascular system

Systemic vascular system

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18
Q

Pulmonary Vascular System

A

Low pressure system diastolic 8

External respiration

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19
Q

What is external respiration

A

In the lungs, exchange between air and blood

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20
Q

Systemic vascular system

A

High pressure system diastolic 80

Internal respiration

21
Q

What is Internal respiration

A

gas exchange between tissues and blood

22
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

in the capillaries

23
Q

What is Systolic pressure

A

Maximum pressure generated during ventricular contraction

24
Q

What is sytemic systolic pressure

A

120 mmhg

25
Q

What is pulmonary systolic pressure

A

80mmhg

26
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Lowest pressure in the arteries prior to next ventricular contraction

27
Q

Systemic diastolic pressure

A

80 mmhg

28
Q

Pulmonary diastolic pressure

A

8 mmhg

29
Q

systemic MAP

A

80-100 mmhg

30
Q

MAP <60mmhg

A

reduced perfusion to vital organs. Body will attempt to keep vital organs provided with nutrients by vasoconstriction of the extremities.

31
Q

Calculation of MAP

A

MAP= SBP + (2XDBP)/3

32
Q

Why is it important to keep the MAP >60 mmhg

A

Driving pressure is important to provide nutrients- if not the body may switch from aerobic to anaerobic.

33
Q

What is MAP determined by

A

Stroke volume - How much blood flows with every beat
Arterial compliance- recoil
Arterial Resistance-

34
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

80-10 mmhg

35
Q

what is considered hypertention

A

map > 110
diastole >90
Systole >135-140mmhg

36
Q

What is normal systemic vascular resistance

A

900-1440 dynes/sec/cm2

37
Q

calculate SVR

A

SVR= (MAP-RAP)/CO X 80

38
Q

Define vascular resistance, recruitment and distention (engorgement)

A

Vascular resistance= impedance to blood flow

Vascular resistance =
 Input pressure - output pressure/ blood flow
mean blood pressure/Q
100 mmhg/5L/min
20mmHg/LPM
39
Q

Pulmonary resistance

A

Pulm Resistance = Driving pressure/ Q
Mean PA-LAP/Q
10mmhg / 5L/min = 2mmHg/L

40
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance PVR

A

Normal is 80-240 dynes/sec/cm-5
PVR = MPAP-LAP/ CO
PVR = MPAP-PCWP/CO

41
Q

What is Pulmonary Edema?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space between capillary and alveoli

42
Q

Causes of PUlmonary edema

A

Increased hydrostatic pressures
Left ventricular failure

Increased capillary permeability
Severe infections, sepsis, ards, o2 toxicity

Decreased Oncotic pressure
Protein starvation, blood dilution, proteinuria (Ascities)

Insufficient lymphatic drainage
Compression of lymphatic vessels (Tumors

43
Q

Starlings Law of fluid

A

Qf = Kf (Pc - Pi) - Of (

44
Q

What is the most narrow part of the upper airway for a child or infant?

A

Cricoid, more horizontal

45
Q

What is the most narrow part of adult upper airway?

A

Epiglottis

46
Q

In an adult what is the name of an upper airway infection that blocks the airway? What are the symptons? What tests are ordered?

A

Epiglottis, viral infection. Edema of the supraglottic. Lateral xray should be ordered. Will look like a thumb. Stridor sounds.

47
Q

In an child what is the name of an upper airway infection that blocks the airway? What are the symptons? What tests are ordered?

A

Inflammation of the chricoid, subglottic. Lateral neck xray will look like a steeple.

48
Q

What is a sniffer position?

A

Neck, chin lift for intubation

RT 6 (2 decks)

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