Module 4

Question 1

What is a keystone species?

Answer 1

• they play a crucial role in the ecosystem function.

- A species without an ecosystem experiences a regime shift flipping into an alternate stable state.

Question 2

What is the number one threat to biodiversity at present?

Answer 2

Habitat loss

Question 3

What are the 3 levels of biodiversity?

Answer 3

1. Genetic
2. Ecosystem
3. Species

Question 4

Does the loss is species that are not keystones result in Regime shifts in biological systems?

Answer 4

Sometimes, especially is a number of species are lost.

Question 5

Why is systems thinking necessary to understand biodiversity?

Answer 5

Because biodiversity is the living component of complex adaptive social-ecological systems.

Question 6

Why is stakeholder, community, and Indigenous involvement important in protecting biodiversity? 3 answers

Answer 6

1. Local and indigenous peoples have knowledge that may be helpful to conservation and may not be available from other sources
2. Local and indigenous people have the greatest access to the biodiversity around them
3. Local and indigenous people often have the greatest interest in the conservation of the biodiversity around them, an often have enshrined rights to these resources as well.

Question 7

One of the main United Nations conventions dealing with biodiversity conservation is?

Answer 7

The UN convention on biological diversity

Question 8

There is plenty of time left to worry about conserving biodiversity. True or false?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Little brown bats are important economically because ?

Answer 9

One colony says over a million insect agricultural pests a year.

Question 10

The greatest hope for the conservation of the little brown bats is?

Answer 10

That there are enough individual bats or colonies resistant to white- nose syndrome to sustain lead to the recovery of the species .

Question 11

Why is it important to have a diversity of species? 2 answers

Answer 11

1. Species diversity contributes ecosystem services that can be monetarized.
2. Species diversity contributes to human well-being

Question 12

What is a super organism?

Answer 12

A group of individual organisms that are independent and act together, putting the interest of the group above the interest of the individual.

Question 13

How do modern agricultural practices affect bees? 3 answers

Answer 13

1. Since model agricultural practices tend to involve large monocrops ( vast fields of plants that all flower at the same time), they limit bee resources to the time of year when these plants are flowering. Once the crops are done flowering, the bees will starve unless physically moved by humans.
2. They result in a negative effect on bee health cause of the use of pesticides.
3. Modern agricultural practices involve using herbicides to kill off weeds, many of which provide alternate food sources to bees.

Question 14

What type of keystone species was found to be crucial?

Answer 14

Predator

Question 15

The goal of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Ecosystems is…

Answer 15

To protect human well-being

Question 16

What are the Aichi targets ?

Answer 16

Adopted by the CBD as it’s Nagoya conference

It Reduces the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.

Question 17

How are we progressing in terms of meeting the Aichi targets?

Answer 17

Some countries are going backwards, notably many developed countries, extracting resources from or even de-listing protected areas.
- it’s unlikely most countries will meet the targets

Question 18

What were the main conclusions of the 2014 WCS research paper on protected areas? 5 answers

Answer 18

1. Protected areas provide essential ecosystem services to local communities
2. It will soon be too late to save worlds biodoversity.
3. Protected areas work when they are well-managed.
4. Only 20% of protected areas worldwide are effecting managed due to a lack of resources
5. Protected areas are great to protect threatened species like tigers and gorillas.

Question 19

What is gap species?

Answer 19

A species that doesn’t exist in any protected areas across the world.

Question 20

What are ICDPS?

Answer 20

They combine conservation goals with development goals and involve the community in planning and operations .

Question 21

What are homozygotes?

Answer 21

2 identical alleles each ( mom had 2 alleles for green eyes, dad has 2 alleles for brown.)

Question 22

What is heterozygote

Answer 22

Child has 2 diff coloured alleles ( brown eyed alleles from dad and one green eyed from mom but brown takes over)

Question 23

What is ecosystem diversity?

Answer 23

Refers to the number of ecosystems in an area

Question 24

What is species richness?

Answer 24

Refers to the number of species

Question 25

What is species diversity?

Answer 25

Individuals that can be interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, are members of the same species

Question 26

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 26

The variety of different genetic types or alleles in a population, species, or group of organisms living in the same area.

Question 27

Why is biodiversity important?

Answer 27

Populations with greater genetic diversity are more likely to be able to adapt to changing conditions.

Question 28

What are keystone predators

Answer 28

Apex. Top of chain

-lions, wolves, carnivores

Question 29

What are keystone prey

Answer 29

Intermediate species in chain

-herbivores

Question 30

What are keystone modifiers

Answer 30

Modify habitats

-beavers, alligators

Question 31

What are keystone host

Answer 31

Provide habitat

-aspens

Question 32

What are keystone mutualist?

Answer 32

Link species together

-humming bird

Question 33

true or false. neonicotinoids and varroa destructors represent recent scientific breakthrough in helping certain bee populations recover in tropical regions

Answer 33

false

Question 34

the rain follows after the forest due to what?

Answer 34

angiosperm outcompeting the earlier gymnosperm