Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A ___ is the basic unit of all living things

A

Cell

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2
Q

Describe Eukaryotic cells

A

Complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus & subcellular structures

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3
Q

All fungi, plants, and animals(including humans) are ___

A

Eukaryotes

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4
Q

Describe prokaryotic cells

A
  • Simple cells

- most are unicellular organisms

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5
Q

Cells are organized into what two things?

A

Tissues & organs

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6
Q

What’s a plasma membrane?

A

A covering that regulates what comes into or leaves from the cell

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7
Q

What’s cytoplasm made up of?

A

Mixture or water, salts, proteins, & organelles

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8
Q

What’s the nucleus?

A

The control center of the cell

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9
Q

What’s the cytoplasm

A

A gelatin-like substance, plus structural fibers and organelles(but not the nucleus)

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10
Q

4 functions of the plasma membrane

A

1) covers and protects the cell
2) controls what goes in and out
3) links to other cells
4) tells other cells who it is

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11
Q

2 functions of cytoplasm & 2 things that cytoplasm is compromised of

A

1) gives cell it’s shape
2) contains structural(cytoskeleton) proteins

1) organelles except nucleus
2) cytosol

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12
Q

Where is the genetic information stored in a cells

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

What is the blueprints for the cells of the body?

A

DNA

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14
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Those that are not part of the reproductive system which includes sperm & egg

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15
Q

RNA is made in ______

A

The nucleus

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16
Q

RNA is exported into the ____

A

Cytoplasm

17
Q

What makes proteins in the cell?

A

RNA

18
Q

What’s the fluid-mosaic model?

A
  • lipid “sea” with protein “icebergs” floating in it

- proteins are integral or peripheral

19
Q

What does integral mean

A

Embedded in bilayer, go from one side to the other (transmembrane proteins)

20
Q

What does peripheral mean in terms of cells?

A

Associated with inside or outside of cell

21
Q

Describe inside peripheral

A

Link cytoskeleton to membrane

22
Q

Describe outside peripheral

A

Link cell to connective tissue or to other cells

23
Q

Plasma membrane looks like ______

A

2 parallel lines 80 nm apart

24
Q

In terms of the plasma membrane, what do the parallel lines, which are polar head groups, bind to?

A

Osmium atoms…which are used as a stain in electron microscopy

25
Q

Describe intergral(transmembrane) proteins?

A

Span the cell membrane from outside to inside the cell

26
Q

Do the peripheral membrane proteins cross lipid bilayer?

A

No

27
Q

Do transmembrane proteins cross lipid bilayer?

A

Yes

28
Q

Describe location of peripheral membrane proteins

A

Loosely associated with the cell membrane and lie - completely in the outside
- completely on the inside of the cell

29
Q

What’s an aquaporin?

A

A water pore protein

30
Q

What does permeability tell us?

A

How easily a substance can cross the plasma membrane

31
Q

What’s differential permeability?

A

What defines a cell
- the cell lets some things pass
• water and cell nutrients mud be allowed into the cells
- the cell does not let other things pass
• the “guts” of the cell should not leak
out
• toxic substances should not leak in

32
Q

What does semi-permeable mean?

A

Certain things can pass, certain things can not

33
Q

Why do gases pass easily through the lipid bilayer?

A

Because a gas molecule is small and non-charged

34
Q

Name 2 fat-soluble molecules that pass the lipid bilayer easily

A

Butane & propane

35
Q

Do charged ions and large molecules pass through the lipid bilayer without assistance?

A

No

36
Q

What’s the rule of thumb?

A

Small, neutrally-charged, lipid-soluble substances can pass without assistance

37
Q

Name 3 things that can pass a cell membrane which is selectively permeable from passing easily to not passing without help.

A
  • Gases
  • small, fat-soluble molecules
  • charges ions, large, water-soluble molecules
38
Q

What are the 6 categories of membrane proteins?

A
  • ion channels
  • carriers
  • receptors
  • enzymes
  • linkers
  • cell identity markers