Module 4

Question 1

A ___ is the basic unit of all living things

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Describe Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus & subcellular structures

Question 3

All fungi, plants, and animals(including humans) are ___

Answer 3

Eukaryotes

Question 4

Describe prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

• Simple cells

- most are unicellular organisms

Question 5

Cells are organized into what two things?

Answer 5

Tissues & organs

Question 6

What’s a plasma membrane?

Answer 6

A covering that regulates what comes into or leaves from the cell

Question 7

What’s cytoplasm made up of?

Answer 7

Mixture or water, salts, proteins, & organelles

Question 8

What’s the nucleus?

Answer 8

The control center of the cell

Question 9

What’s the cytoplasm

Answer 9

A gelatin-like substance, plus structural fibers and organelles(but not the nucleus)

Question 10

4 functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 10

1) covers and protects the cell
2) controls what goes in and out
3) links to other cells
4) tells other cells who it is

Question 11

2 functions of cytoplasm & 2 things that cytoplasm is compromised of

Answer 11

1) gives cell it’s shape
2) contains structural(cytoskeleton) proteins

1) organelles except nucleus
2) cytosol

Question 12

Where is the genetic information stored in a cells

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

What is the blueprints for the cells of the body?

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

What are somatic cells?

Answer 14

Those that are not part of the reproductive system which includes sperm & egg

Question 15

RNA is made in ______

Answer 15

The nucleus

Question 16

RNA is exported into the ____

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

What makes proteins in the cell?

Answer 17

RNA

Question 18

What’s the fluid-mosaic model?

Answer 18

• lipid “sea” with protein “icebergs” floating in it

- proteins are integral or peripheral

Question 19

What does integral mean

Answer 19

Embedded in bilayer, go from one side to the other (transmembrane proteins)

Question 20

What does peripheral mean in terms of cells?

Answer 20

Associated with inside or outside of cell

Question 21

Describe inside peripheral

Answer 21

Link cytoskeleton to membrane

Question 22

Describe outside peripheral

Answer 22

Link cell to connective tissue or to other cells

Question 23

Plasma membrane looks like ______

Answer 23

2 parallel lines 80 nm apart

Question 24

In terms of the plasma membrane, what do the parallel lines, which are polar head groups, bind to?

Answer 24

Osmium atoms…which are used as a stain in electron microscopy

Question 25

Describe intergral(transmembrane) proteins?

Answer 25

Span the cell membrane from outside to inside the cell

Question 26

Do the peripheral membrane proteins cross lipid bilayer?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Do transmembrane proteins cross lipid bilayer?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Describe location of peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 28

Loosely associated with the cell membrane and lie - completely in the outside
- completely on the inside of the cell

Question 29

What’s an aquaporin?

Answer 29

A water pore protein

Question 30

What does permeability tell us?

Answer 30

How easily a substance can cross the plasma membrane

Question 31

What’s differential permeability?

Answer 31

What defines a cell
- the cell lets some things pass
• water and cell nutrients mud be allowed into the cells
- the cell does not let other things pass
• the “guts” of the cell should not leak
out
• toxic substances should not leak in

Question 32

What does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 32

Certain things can pass, certain things can not

Question 33

Why do gases pass easily through the lipid bilayer?

Answer 33

Because a gas molecule is small and non-charged

Question 34

Name 2 fat-soluble molecules that pass the lipid bilayer easily

Answer 34

Butane & propane

Question 35

Do charged ions and large molecules pass through the lipid bilayer without assistance?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

What’s the rule of thumb?

Answer 36

Small, neutrally-charged, lipid-soluble substances can pass without assistance

Question 37

Name 3 things that can pass a cell membrane which is selectively permeable from passing easily to not passing without help.

Answer 37

• Gases
• small, fat-soluble molecules
• charges ions, large, water-soluble molecules

Question 38

What are the 6 categories of membrane proteins?

Answer 38

• ion channels
• carriers
• receptors
• enzymes
• linkers
• cell identity markers