MODULE 4 Flashcards
PRRS (pattern recognition receptors)
recognise PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns) which are unique to microbes
DAMPs (damage associated molecular patterns)
identify cellular damage, indicating there may be infection or injury
non specific defense systems
- Chemical barriers
- Physical barriers
- Biological barriers
physical barriers
skin, mucous membranes
chemical barriers
lysosomes, acidic pH in stomach
biological barriers
natural flora
response to microbes
- phagocytosis
- inflammation
- antimicrobial proteins
phagocytosis in response to microbes
engulfmnet and digestion of microbes by neutrophils and macrophages
inflammation in response to microbe
recruitment of immune cells to site of infection
antimicrobial proteins
interferons, defensins
complement proteins what do they do
opsonisation, membrane attack complex, enhance phagocytosis
opsonisation
where pathogens are marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes
macrophages
phagocytsosis and cytokine production
membrane attack complex
creates pores in cell membranes of pathogens causing them to undergo cell lysis and die
dendritic cells
antigen presentation, activation of adaptive immunity
natural killer cells
killing of infected cells
neutrophils
rapid response, phagocytosis
cytokines
act as signalling molecules regulting immune responses
chemokine
attract immune cells to infection sites
neutrophil recruitment steps
- margination
- rolling
- adhesion
- diapedesis
- adhesion
chemotaxis
movement towards infection site guided by chemokine
phagocytosis stages
- recognition
- engulfment
- formation of phagosome
- fusion with lysosome (phagolysosome)
- digestion
killing mechanisms
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Nitric oxide
- Lysosomal enzymes
antibody structure
variable (antigen binding) and constant (effector function) regions
