Module 4

Question 1

Actin

Answer 1

The thinner of the two filaments in a muscle fiber.

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

The process by which a body responds positively over a period of time to the effects of exercise so that higher workloads can be tolerated.

Question 3

Agonist

Answer 3

Muscle primarily responsible for a given movement. See also prime mover.

Question 4

Aponeurosis

Answer 4

Flattened ribbon-shaped or sheet-like tendinous connective tissue that replaces a tendon in muscles. Flat with wide attachment area.

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

Muscle that opposes an agonist / prime mover for a given movement.

Question 5

Aponeurosis

Answer 5

Flattened ribbon-shaped or sheet-like tendinous connective tissue that replaces a tendon in muscles. Flat with wide attachment area.

Question 6

Cardiac muscle

Answer 6

Muscle found only in the heart.

Question 7

Concentric contraction

Answer 7

Type of muscle contraction that involves shortening of the muscle under tension.

Question 8

Constriction

Answer 8

Closing; tightening.

Question 8

Dilation

Answer 8

Opening; relaxing.

Question 9

D.O.M.S

Answer 9

Muscular discomfort that typically develops one or two days after exercise.

Question 10

Eccentric contraction

Answer 10

Type of muscle contraction that involves lengthening of the muscle under tension.

Question 11

Endomysium

Answer 11

Connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle fiber

Question 12

Endurance enzymes

Answer 12

Enzyme in slow twitch muscle fiber.

Question 13

Epimysium

Answer 13

Layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle.

Question 14

Fascia

Answer 14

Fibrous connective tissue that sheathes and protects tissues such as muscles.

Question 15

Fascicle

Answer 15

Bundle of muscle fibers separated from the rest of a muscle block by a sheath of connective tissue called the perimysium.

Question 16

Fast twitch

Answer 16

Type of muscle fiber that can reach peak tension quickly. Also called white or Type 2 muscle fiber.

Question 17

Fixator

Answer 17

Muscle primarily responsible for stabilizing a given movement.

Question 18

Glycolytic enzymes

Answer 18

Enzyme in fast twitch muscle fiber.

Question 19

Innervation

Answer 19

Nerve supply to organ or body part.

Question 20

Isometric contraction

Answer 20

Type of muscle contraction during which the length of the muscle remains the same under tension.

Question 21

Isotonic contraction

Answer 21

Collective name for concentric and eccentric muscle contractions

Question 22

Lactic acid

Answer 22

By-product of anaerobic (“without oxygen”) energy production.

Question 23

Lever

Answer 23

Distance between weight or resistance and joint.

Question 24

Motor nerve

Answer 24

Wiring through which electrical messages are transmitted to and from the muscles.

Question 25

Motor neuron

Answer 25

Nerve cell that conveys nerve impulses form the central nervous system to a muscle.

Question 26

Motor unit

Answer 26

Single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates.

Question 27

Muscle

Answer 27

Fleshy connective tissue that moves parts of the body relative to each other

Question 28

Muscle fiber

Answer 28

Individual muscle cell.

Question 29

Myofibril

Answer 29

Elongated muscle cell in a muscle fiber that contains myosin and actin contraction proteins.

Question 30

Myoglobin

Answer 30

Protein in muscle that stores oxygen

Question 31

Myosin

Answer 31

Thicker of the two types of filament in a muscle fiber.

Question 32

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 32

Site at which a motor neuron meets and communicates with a muscle fiber.

Question 33

Neuromuscular pathway

Answer 33

Communication pathways between brain and muscles.

Question 34

Pivot

Answer 34

Point of rotation in a lever system; joint.

Question 35

Prime mover

Answer 35

Muscle primarily responsible for a given movement. See also prime mover.

Question 36

Proprioceptor

Answer 36

Sensory receptor in muscles, tendons and joints that provides information to the brain

Question 37

Red fiber

Answer 37

Muscle fiber that reaches peak tension slowly. Also called slow twitch or Type 1 fiber.

Question 38

Sarcomere

Answer 38

Smallest functional unit of a muscle containing 1 row of myosin and 6 rows of actin.

Question 39

Skeletal muscle

Answer 39

Voluntary muscle attached to bone or occasionally skin.

Question 40

Slow twitch

Answer 40

Muscle fiber that reaches peak tension slowly. Also called red or Type 1 fiber.

Question 41

Smooth muscle

Answer 41

Involuntary muscle that surrounds all tubes in the body.

Question 42

Striation

Answer 42

Stripy marking on skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Question 43

Synergist

Answer 43

Muscle that assist the agonist / prime mover for a given movement.

Question 44

Tendon

Answer 44

Band of tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Question 45

Type 1 fiber

Answer 45

Muscle fiber that reaches peak tension slowly. Also called red or Type 1 fiber

Question 46

Type 2 fiber

Answer 46

Type of muscle fiber that can reach peak tension quickly. Also called white or fast twitch muscle fiber.

Question 47

White fiber

Answer 47

Type of muscle fiber that can reach peak tension quickly. Also called Type 2 or fast twitch muscle fiber.