MODULE 4 Flashcards
It is the part of the human environment that includes purely physical factors (as soil, climate, watersupply).
Plant-Environment Relationship
Development of Plants (2)
∙ Classification of Plants
∙ Factors affecting plants development
Classification of Plants
According to life form of plants
(4)
TREES, SHRUBS, LIANAS, SHRUBS
is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk,supporting branches and leaves in most species.
Trees
is a small- to medium-sized woody plant.
∙ Shrubs
are plants with savory or aromatic properties that areused for flavoring and garnishing food, in medicine, or as fragrances
∙ Herbs
any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rootedinthe soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of verticalsupport, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of theforest
Lianas
a large area dominated by
trees.
Forest
is a low-density forest
forming open habitats with plenty of
sunlight and limited shade.
Woodland
– Woodland,
Lichens are a complex life form that is a
symbiotic partnership of two separ ate
organisms, a fungus and an alga.
Lichens are
Factors affecting development (5- pwtth)
Plant habitats
Water availability
Temperature
Time
Human
Types of plants
∙
Xerophytes
∙ Hygrophytes
∙ Mesophytes
∙ Tropophytes
∙ Deciduous plants
∙ Evergreen plants
Temperature (4)
∙
Plant growth
Water availability
Damage:
Frontier:
Characteristics of TRF Vegetation (6)
∙ Evergreen forest
∙ Vegetation Layers
∙ Leaves
∙ Drip-tips
∙ Roots
∙ Cauliflory
∙ No Seasonal variation
∙ Leaf-growth, flowering, fruiting, leaf-fall……. go on continuously ∙ Trees can live to a great age
Evergreen
– very tall tree with broad crown (30-40m)
– few in number
∙ Emergent layer
– a continuous cover (20m)
∙ Canopy layer
– younger trees (5-15m)
Middle layer
– little growth because of shade
∙ Shrub layer and undergrowth
∙ Uniform, dark green, glossy, leathery, oval and broad-leaved ∙ Strong insolation and transpiration a heavy cuticle leathery.
Leaves
Types of vegetation (7)
∙ Tree species
∙ Epiphytes
∙ Parasites
∙ Tree Ferns
∙ Undergrowth
∙ Saprophytes
∙ Mangrove swamps (riverine)
Natural Environment
∙ Among the driest places on earth (———–mm)
<250mm
∙ Mean annual temperature above ——-
18
—– relative humidity
low
Natural Environment:∙
Irregular and unreliable rainfall (true or false)
true
Characteristics of the vegetation (amo -3)
Anatomical
Morphological
others
Types of vegetation (sen 3)
∙ Succulent perennials
∙ Ephemeral annuals
∙ Non-succulent perennials
Extensive root systems (vertical or horizontal)
∙ Deeply penetrating roots reach permanently wet soil or ground water store∙ Horizontal roots may extend for _____- ____m ∙ Low shoot-to-root ratio (1:3.5 to 1:6)
Morphological, 5-20,
∙ Cuticularisation produces a watertight and waxy-like surface
∙ Lignification provides mechanical support
∙ Low, rounded shapes can reduce damage by strong wind ∙ Many hairs
Characteristics – Anatomical
∙ Sparsely distribution for not enough water supply
∙ Low biomass, few species, lack of competition
Characteristics – others
