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Equine Production > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

provide the energy needed for all cell processes and basic functions such as breathing
and the beating of the heart as well as provide energy for muscle contraction

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

refers to the amount of energy in the feed, which is actually digested for use by the horse

A

digestible energy

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3
Q

important structural component of all animal tissues

A

protein

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4
Q

most important essential amino acids

A

lysine, methionine, tryptophan

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5
Q

group of chemical compounds that are vital for life; they are required in minute quantities
for the normal healthy functioning of the horse. but a deficiency in the diet will eventually result in
clinical disease.

A

Vitamin

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6
Q

can be stored in the body particularly in the liver

A

fat-soluble vitamins

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7
Q

excess feed of fat soluble vitamins may result to?

A

toxicity

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8
Q

can be made by the microorganisms in the horse’s gut; excess of these are broken down and excreted therefore toxicity symptoms are unlikely to occur

A

water soluble vitamins

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9
Q

chemical name of B1

A

thiamine

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10
Q

chemical name of B2

A

riboflavin

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11
Q

chemical name of B3

A

niacin

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12
Q

chemical name of B5

A

pantothenic acid

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13
Q

chemical name of B6

A

pyridoxine

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14
Q

chemical name of B12

A

cyanocobalamin

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15
Q

chemical name of Vitamin H

A

biotin

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16
Q

inorganic substances found throughout the horse’s body and are essential for health and development

A

minerals

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17
Q

The need for a strong skeleton, muscles, tissue repair and efficient metabolism in the working horse results in a higher requirement for _______ in their diets.

A

minerals

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18
Q

Ground limestone, steamed bone meal, and defluorinated phosphate are common sources of what minerals?

A

calcium and phosphorus

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19
Q

Bonus Question.

Why should we not feed more phosphorus than calcium in horses?

A

If more phosphorous than calcium is consumed by a horse then calcium absorption can be impaired and skeletal malformations, poor growth, and muscle disorders can occur. Even if a diet contains adequate calcium, excessive phosphorus intake may cause abnormalities.

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20
Q

how many percent of water is in horse’s bodyweight?

A

70%

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21
Q

Horses drink how many gallons/liters of water per day?

A

10 to 12 gallons (37.8 to 45.4 liters)

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21
Q

Horses drink how many gallons/liters of water per day?

A

10 to 12 gallons (37.8 to 45.4 liters)

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22
Q

The horse can eat, each day, hay and concentrates weighing about ___ % of its body weight

A

2.5%

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23
Q

What are the methods available for estimation of bodyweight?

A

table of weights
tape measure and calculator
weighbridge
weight-tape

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24
Q

An adult working horse’s appetite is about __ % of bodyweight

A

2.5 %

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25
Q

vital for horses as a source of fiber which is essential for normal gut function, it stimulates muscle tone and activity of the gut wall; leaves, stems, and stalks of plants

A

forage

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26
Q

most natural feed for horses and should always be considered a priority

A

forage

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27
Q

dried grass

A

hay

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28
Q

made from permanent, established pasture which usually contains many species of grasses and often some herbs and other wild plants

A

meadow hay

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29
Q

made from ryegrass-based leys, which have been grown specifically to take a hay crop from

A

seed hay

30
Q

The quality and nutrient content of hay depends on several factors (5)

A

grass species
stage of cutting (maturity of grass)
weather condition
storage
fertilization (if any)

31
Q

very palatable to horses but can result in death

A

dried ragwort

32
Q

moisture content of hay must be reduced to?

A

5–15%

33
Q

When storing grasses, heat and moisture will result in the production of?

A

molds and fungi, which can cause problems such as respiratory problems

34
Q

not often fed to horses due to practical problems associated with it, made in silos,
clamps or big bales

A

silage

35
Q

haylage is allowed to dry in the field to about ____ % dry matter

A

60-65%

36
Q

haylage is allowed to dry in the field to about ____ % dry matter

A

50-65%

37
Q

a legume and is rich in protein, fiber and calcium

A

alfalfa

38
Q

This is high energy, low fiber and is most often fed steamed or micronized. It is more expensive and is
often used to condition horses, particularly those for showing.

A

Maize

39
Q

Some horses have an allergic reaction to this straight resulting in lumpy swellings on the skin or filled legs

A

barley

40
Q

traditional concentrate feed for horses; they are relatively high in fiber and have a lower energy
content than barley, wheat and maize.

A

oats

41
Q

It involves passing the grain through heated rollers that cook and split it. Again, the starch is made more available therefore increasing the digestibility

A

streaming and flaking

42
Q

involves crushing the grain, they are not cooked and, once open to air, the grain will start to deteriorate and it will lose its feed value after approximately 2 weeks.

A

rolling

43
Q

involves flaking and toasting in machinery similar to microwaves

A

micronization

44
Q

involves flaking and toasting in machinery similar to microwaves

A

extrusion

45
Q

refer to cereal grains such as oats, barley, maize and wheat

A

straights

46
Q

Commonly not used as a straight due to its high cost. It contains gluten that can form a gluey
mass in the gut

A

Wheat

47
Q

sugar beet pulp is rich in what mineral?

A

calcium

48
Q

These are fed alone without forage and are designed to replace all the hay and concentrates in the ration. High fiber and low energy, they tend to be used for overweight ponies or when hay is scarce.

A

complete cubes or coarse mixes

49
Q

These provide a balanced diet for all types of horses and are designed to be fed with forage and water.

A

concentrate cubes

50
Q

These are higher in protein and designed to balance a straight such as oats. One of the most common is the 50:50 oats-to-oat-balancer mix.

A

balancers

51
Q

used to reduce dust levels and increase uniformity and palatability

A

molasses or syrup

52
Q

All compound feeds must, by law, declare certain ingredients, and these are a very useful reference. The following information must be given:

A
  • percentage by weight of crude oil
  • percentage by weight of crude protein
  • percentage by weight of crude fiber
  • percentage by weight of total ash
  • amounts of added vitamins A, D E [shown as international units (IU) per kg]
  • total selenium content if synthetic Se has been added (in mg/kg)
  • whether an antioxidant has been added.
53
Q

why are quality compound feeds expensive?

A

high costs of good raw materials, nutritionists, higher quality protein, higher specification remixes and analytical equipment, plant machinery and quality control

54
Q

biological catalysts aimed to improved digestion by various means

A

enzymes

55
Q

a natural alternative to supplements, but nutrient specifications under debate

A

herbs

56
Q

source of vitamins A, D and E but may make feed unpalatable

A

cod liver oil

57
Q

‘live’ bacteria to help recolonize the horse’s gut after stress or antibiotics

A

probiotics

58
Q

improves the number of fiber -digesting bacteria in the hind gut

A

yeasts

59
Q

Often used for horses who have been ill, who are in very poor condition, recovering from surgery or who have been ‘overtrained’.
This is given as a tonic and is very useful. This will also help to stimulate the appetite

A

Vitamin B supplement

60
Q

Are essential for performance horses and are often neglected. They should be given whenever the horse has been sweating after work, but fresh water must be given alongside

A

body salts (electrolytes)

61
Q

What are the guidelines for feeding supplements?

A
  • Never mix or overdose supplements without professional nutritional advice.
  • A supplement should not be necessary if the compound feed is being fed at the recommended rate.
  • Split the supplement between all the feeds.
  • Do not add boiling water to a supplement as this will destroy the vitamins.
  • Mix the supplement thoroughly into the feed.
62
Q

laxative, tonic

A

dandelion

63
Q

antibacterial, fly repellent, expectorant

A

garlic

64
Q

diuretic, antispasmodic, expectorant

A

fennel

65
Q

tonic, antispasmodic

A

peppermint

66
Q

calming herb

A

valerian

67
Q

effects of thyme?

A

antiseptic, diuretic

68
Q

effects of rosehip

A

laxative, astringent

69
Q

camomile

A

calming, analgesic

70
Q

comfrey

A

eases inflammation

71
Q

Some horses are naturally energetic no matter how little they are fed and it must be remembered that ________ will affect temperament. (3)

A

training, fitness, and discipline

72
Q

Pregnancy does increase the feed requirements of a mare, but significantly only during the __________, when the fetus is growing the fastest.

A

last 4 months of gestation

73
Q

a young foal gains about _____ of his mature body weight by the time he is six months old, _____ at 1 year of age, ___ by age of 2

A

45 percent
58 percent
87 percent

Equine Production (5 decks)

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