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UCSP > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

It is oriented by society’s norms

And it is a form of interaction which people acquire personality and learn the way of life

A

Socialization

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2
Q

What are the goals of socialization

A
  1. Teaches impulse control and develops a conscience
  2. Teaches individuals how to prepare and perform certain social roles
  3. Cultivates shared sources of meaning and value
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3
Q

What are the forms of Socialization?

A
  1. Enculturation (Inside culture)
  2. Acculturation (Outside culture)
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4
Q

Process by which people learn the requirements of their surroundings culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate in that culture

A

Enculturation

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5
Q

Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture

A

Acculturation

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6
Q

What are the results of Socialization, Enculturation, and Acculturation

A
  • Self and identity
  • Status and Roles
  • Norms and Values
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7
Q

Develops through social interactions where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level

A

The concept of self

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8
Q

Existential “I” means?

A

My being and my existence

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9
Q

Cultural “I” means?

A

My meaning-making and my values

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10
Q

Doing “Me” means?

A

My behavior and my activity

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11
Q

Performing “me” means?

A

My social roles and my public persona

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12
Q

The looking glass of self concept

A

According to Charles Horton Cooley, one’s self concept is derived from a “social mirror” in which we can observe how others react to us, thus engaging us in how to think and feel

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13
Q

Individuals gain identity by social affiliations

Several identities can be embraced but there is always one dominant identity

A

Identity Formation

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14
Q

Examples of Identity

A
  • Cultural Identity
  • National Identity
  • Ethnic Identity
  • Self-concept
  • Religious identity
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15
Q

Any position that an individual can occupy in society, a label that implies that certain roles must be performed

Individual’s position in the society

A

Status

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16
Q

What are the two types of status?

A
  1. Ascribe status
  2. Achieved status
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17
Q

Given at birth or assigned later in life
ex. age, sex, ethnicity, membership in family etc.

A

Ascribe status

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18
Q

Acquired wilfully and consciously through effort and accomplishments

A

Achieved status

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19
Q

Person’s _____________ may help achieve or hinder one to acquire an ____________.

A

Ascribed status
Achieved status

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20
Q

Set of expectations from people who occupy a particular status

A

Role

21
Q

Behavior of an individual within a social space accordance to his status

A

Role performance

22
Q

Multiplicity of roles within a given status

A

Role set

23
Q

Two or more statuses, both applicable to the situation require distinct and divergent roles from the individual

A

Role conflict

24
Q

individual is having difficulty in performing the role required for him/her

A

Role strain

25
Q

Discontinuation of a role

A

Role exit

26
Q

Culturally determined rules that guide people what is right and wrong

Fundamental to the establishment of social order in the society

A

Norms

27
Q

What are the types of norms?

A
  1. Taboos
  2. Laws
28
Q

Behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in the specific culture

A

Taboos

29
Q

Rules and regulations that are implemented by the state

A

Laws

30
Q

Judgement regarding behaviors and decisions

Created and shaped by the community through time

A

Values

31
Q

Act of following the roles and goals of one’s society

A

Conformity

32
Q

Act of violating the prescribed social norms

A

Deviance

33
Q

Strong sense of disapproval on nonconforming behavior from the members of the society

A

Stigma

34
Q

What are the theories of Deviance?

A
  1. Social control theory
  2. Rational choice theory
  3. Differential association theory
  4. Labeling theory
  5. Conflict theory
  6. Structural-functionalist theory
  7. Strain theory
35
Q

Deviance is caused by lack in stronger social bonds within a society; he is less affected in the society

A

Social control theory

36
Q

Deviance of an individual depends on the cost and benefit he/she may get from such action

A

Rational choice theory

37
Q

Deviance is learned until they are labeled as such by members of the community

A

Labeling theory

38
Q

Society composes of opposing groups of people, a set of behaviors of the elite are norms and those of the powerless are deviant

A

Conflict theory

39
Q

On the macro level, deviance is caused by breakdown which produces anomie
On the micro level, deviance is caused by role strain due to lac of resources

A

Structural-functionalist theory

40
Q

Deviant behavior occurs due to imbalance of society’s cultural goals

A

Strain theory

41
Q

Means to prevent deviance and to ensure that norms are safeguarded and order preserved

A

Social control

42
Q

What are the elements of social control?

A
  1. Internalization
  2. Sanctions
43
Q

Individual is made to automatically conform to the dictates of his/her society through a cost/benefit orientation

A

Internalization

44
Q

Rewards or punishments

A

Sanctions

45
Q

Rewards/forms of punishment that are formally awarded by an institution (i.e. government, council, school, etc)

A

Formal

46
Q

Rewards/forms of punishment that are spontaneously given

A

Informal

47
Q

Sanctions that rewards a particular behavior, which reinforces its repitition

A

Positive

48
Q

Sanctions that punishes a particular behavior

A

Negative

UCSP (2 decks)

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