Module 4 Flashcards
Why are synthetic dialysis membranes more biocompatible?
A. They mimic the peritoneal cavity
B. They adsorb more proteins from the blood C. They have higher ultrafiltration coefficients D. They can handle higher temperatures
B. They adsorb more proteins from the blood
Which of these is a way to remove solutes? A. Convection B. Suction C. Surface Area D. Irradiation
A. Convection
What are the two compartments of the dialyzer? A. Conventional and high flux B. Arterial and venous C. Blood and dialysate D. Hollow fiber and flat plate
C. Blood and dialysate
Which of these substances might be included in a dialysate prescription? A. Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium B. Magnesium, Creatinine, Calcium C. Chloride, Glucose, Urea D. Beta-2-microglobulin, Calcium, Sodium
A. Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium
What is the purpose of a proportioning system?
A. Monitors the dialysate flow rate
B. Monitors for blood leaks
C. Checks the conductivity of the dialysate
D. Make dialysate by mixing fresh concentrate with fixed amounts of treated water
D. Make dialysate by mixing fresh concentrate with fixed amounts of treated water
Where is conductivity most often checked?
A. Testing the dialysate mixing and the final dialysate
B. Before dialysate enters the dialyzer and after dialysate leaves the dialyzer
C. Dialysate mixing and before dialysate enters the dialyzer
D. Dialysate mixing and after dialysate leaves the dialyzer
C. Dialysate mixing and before dialysate enters the dialyzer
What condition occurs due to dialysate that is too hot? A. Hypersensitivity Reaction B. Hemolysis C. Pyrogenic Reaction D. Septicemia
B. Hemolysis
What are the two types of ultrafiltration systems: A. Volumetric and Flow Control B. Flow Rate and Ultrafiltration Rate C. TMP and UFR D. Proportioning System and Flow Control
A. Volumetric and Flow Control
Which of these best describes the transducer protector?
A. A pump that moves blood through the extracorporeal circuit
B. A mechanical device in the machine that converts air pressure into an electronic signal
C. Tubing that carries blood from the patient’s access to the dialyzer and back to the access
D. A system that removes water from the blood
B. A mechanical device in the machine that converts air pressure into an electronic signal
Which group contains the dialysate delivery system monitors?
A. Temperature, venous pressure, flow rate
B. Blood and dialysate flow rates
C. Conductivity, pH, flow rate
D. Blood leak, pH, arterial pressure
C. Conductivity, pH, flow rate
The movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane from a greater concentration to a lesser one, until both sides are equal.
Diffusion
what dose dialyzer adsorbs depends on
What the membrane is made of
Surface area
How much protein has been adsorbed
When water crosses a semipermeable membrane, some solutes are pulled along with it.
This is convection, or solvent drag.
The dialyzer membrane adsorbs blood proteins to the walls of the hollow fibers during a treatment. This can make reused dialyzers more biocompatible than new ones—if bleach is not used to remove the protein coating.
Adsorb means to attract and hold.
A solvent (fluid) moves through a semipermeable membrane toward a higher solute concentration. Movement goes on until the concentrations on both sides of the membrane are the same.
Osmosis
Blockage of arterial blood flow from the vascular access
Low Arterial pressure
Separation of blood tubing from the venous needle or catheter
Low Venous pressure
A clotted dialyzer
High Predialyzer pressure
A bloodline separation or leak between the monitoring point and the dialyzer, or at the needle
Low Predialyzer pressure
A bloodline separation (if the upper limit is set below zero)
High Arterial pressure
Compression or kinking of the arterial bloodline
Low Arterial pressure
A blockage in the blood tubing between the monitoring site and the venous needle
High Venous pressure
Wrong position or infiltration of the arterial needle
Low Arterial pressure
Drop in blood flow rate
Low Venous pressure
Blood pump set at a rate higher than the vascular access can supply
Low Arterial pressure
Hypotension
Low Arterial pressure
A leak between the patient and the monitoring site
High Arterial pressure
Clotting access
High Venous pressure
A severely clotted dialyzer
Low Venous pressure
Occlusion in the blood tubing between the blood pump segment and the monitoring site
Low Predialyzer pressure
A decrease in the blood pump speed
High Arterial pressure
Poor position or infiltration of the venous needle
High Venous pressure
Vasoconstriction (tightening of the patient’s blood
vessels)
Low Arterial pressure
Poor placement or infiltration of the venous needle
or catheter
High Predialyzer pressure
A kink in the blood tubing anywhere from the patient to the monitoring site
Low Predialyzer pressure
Poorly working central catheter
Low Arterial pressure
A rise in the blood flow rate
High Predialyzer pressure
Poorly working central catheter
High Venous pressure
Infusion of saline or medications
High Arterial pressure
Poor blood flow or drop in blood flow rate
Low Predialyzer pressure
Blockage in the blood tubing before the monitoring
site
Low Venous pressure
A kink in the blood tubing from the dialyzer back to the monitoring site
High Predialyzer pressure
What is clearance (K)
The amount of blood that can be cleared of a solute in a given period of time
