Module 4 Flashcards
When should parents introduce the topic of toilet training?
18 months
 True voluntary sphincter control cars as a function of psychological development some most children are ready to toilet training until how many months?
24 months or older
Separation anxiety is normal during what age range when it comes to resisting bedtime?
Six months to two years
What is unmodified extinction mean?
Letting them cry it out when going to bed
What is the main difference between night terrors and nightmares?
Night terrors are typically in the first portion of sleep
Night terrors will have physiological symptoms such as dilated pupils increase heart rate and sweating. This usually occurs after 18 months
Nightmares occur during REM sleep. Which is the last portion of the night. Occurs in children ages 3 to 6 years old. Kids may have recollection of the nightmare
Confusional arousal occur around what age?
2 to 5 years. Children well awake from deep sleep during the first part of the night and Are sleep drunk
What age does sleepwalking occur?
Sleepwalking occurs around age is 4-8 years old. It is the most dangerous form of parasomnia. Children can I have dazed open eyes, and speech can be mumbled or slurred
What phase of the sleep cycle do newborns enter in initially?
REM sleep
When are nighttime feeds not necessary in infants?
They are not necessary by six months of age
At how many months should children be able to sleep through the night?
By nine months
At 12 months old what is the average amount of sleep a child should have?
14 hours
At two years old how much sleep should a child have?
11.4 hours
Children ages 3 to 5 years old should have how many hours of sleep?
12.5
Children ages 5 to 11 should have how many hours of sleep?
11 hours
Want to neurological disorders are associated with behavioral sleep disorders and sleep disorders breathing?
Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Untreated sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and insufficient sleep and children without neurological disorders can mimic symptoms of what?
ADHD
What is the first line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Adeno tonsillectomy
What are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome?
Premature growth restricted, not being breast-fed, not being immunized, using bumper pads in cribs, sleeping on stomach not using a pacifier
When difficult to see the crane occurs in careful history and physical examination of what two systems should be performed?
Gastrointestinal and neurological assessment
What is the safe hot water heater temperature?
120 degrees or lower
What is enuresis?
Voluntary and involuntary urination in to bed at an age and toilet training should be complete.
What is primary enuresis?
It is children who have never establish control. There is a strong family predisposition that exists
What is secondary enuresis?
Occurs when children have been dry for more than 6 to 12 months then start wetting the bed again
What is the minimum age for diagnosing a child with enuresis?
Five years old and they have to have one episode a month for the duration of a total of three months
What is pollakiuria ? ( benign idiopathic urinary frequency)
Condition of excessive urination
Alarm therapy for the treatment of enuresis is most effective in children with what?
Decreased maximal voided volumes
What is important to know about desmopressin?
Most effective with children who have nocturnal polyuria.
Only for short term treatment. Not recommended for children under six years old. Take on an empty stomach avoid caffeinated and carbonated beverages. Children must be awakened to urinate within 10 hours and taking the med.
Oxybutynin is useful for what in the treatment of enuresis?
Most effective in children with daytime enuresis. Not recommended in children under five
What is encopresis?
Fecal soiling or fecal incontinence, it is most often defined as the repetitive, voluntary or involuntary passages store after an age when a child should be able to control bowel movement. Usually four years old
 What is needed to diagnose a child with encopresis?
Have to be older than four years old, fico Celine or incontinence has to occur at least once per month for at least two months prior to diagnosis
Describe breast-fed baby stools
They can have 5 to 6 stools per day
Can be sticky white yellow curdy with sour smell
Second month of life it can decrease to just once a day
Some older breast-fed babies make sure infrequently as every 8-14 days
Formula fed babies stools are:
Darker, firmer, smellier. They can be green brown or dark yellow. They can have 2 to 4 stools each day in the first month.
Older formula babies can have one to three semi formed stools per day
