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NSER 7210 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric assessment triagle

A

Appearance
Breathing
Circulation

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2
Q

Appearance Assessment

A

TICLS- assessing for adequacy of oxygention

Tone
Interactions
Controllability
Look/gaze
Speech/cry
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3
Q

Appearance 6 red flags

A 
Lethargy
Blank stare
Limp/rag doll
No interaction
Inconsolability
Weak muffled cry
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4
Q

Breathing assessment

A

Airway, oxygenation and ventilation
WOB
Rate

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5
Q

Breathing Red flags (5)

A 
Abnormal audible breath sounds 
Increased resp rate 
Nasal flaring
Increased resp effort
Tripod or sniffing
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6
Q

Circulation

A

Inadequate perfusion of vital organs leads to compensatory vasoconstriction to nonessential areas especially skin

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7
Q

Circulation red flags

A

Pallor
Mottling
Cyanosis
Ashen/grey

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8
Q

PEDs secondary assessment

A

CIAMPEDS

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9
Q

CIAMPEDS

A 
Chief compliant
Immunizations
Allergies
Medications
Pmhx/Parental concern
Events surrounding illness
Diapers/Diet
Symptoms
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10
Q

Airway assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A 
Look listen feel
Nose breathers 
small airway diameter 
short trachea
Big tongue
large head and weak neck
trachea is soft and flexible
Larynx is funnel-shaped

C-spine-flexi neck

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11
Q

Breathing assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A 
Diaphromatic resps- observe belly
Fewer and smaller alveoli
Less elastic recoil
smaller tidal volumes
Pliable thoracic cage
Weaker intercostal (cant increase TV)
use diaphragm to breath
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12
Q

Circulation assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A

limited SV
heart has small mass so weaker contractions
increased circulation volume/kg
larger % of body is water

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13
Q

Disability assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A 
AVPU
susceptible to hypoglycemia
Assess fontanelles
limited glucagon storage
increased metabolic demands
more permeable blood-brain barrier
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14
Q

Expose assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A

large body surface area
immature thermoregulation mechanisms
soft bones
risk for maltreatment

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15
Q

F assessment anatomical differences PEDS

A

Vitals
Temp- should do a rectal
Weight
Family

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16
Q

Moderate Croup treatment

A

0.6mg/kg dexamethasone

Position of comfort

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17
Q

Severe croup treatment

A

0.6mg/kg dexamethasone
Position of comfort
Epi nebs
oxygen

18
Q

Mild croup

A

no stridor or chest wall indrawing

19
Q

Moderate croup

A

stridor or chest wall indrawing. pt at rest

20
Q

Severe croup

A

stridor, indrawing and agitation or lethargy

21
Q

Croup patho

A

virus causes generalized airway inflammation and edema of the upper airway mucosa

The subglottic region becomes narrowed causing upper airway obstruction

22
Q

Croup symptoms (6)

A 
rapid onset
worse at night
barky cough
insp stridor
hoarsness
resp distress
23
Q

Bronchiolitis age group

A

<2 years old

24
Q

Bronchiolitis signs and symptoms

A 
cough
runny nose
wheezes
crackles
increased WOB
25
Q

Which patients with bronchiolitis is at a high risk for apnea

A

Kids <48 weeks PCA

6 weeks since birth

26
Q

Bronchiolitis cause

A

most often RSV

27
Q

Bronchiolitis Patho

A

Lower resp tract infection causes inflammation of small bronchioles

causes airway obstruction in bronchioles due to secretions, thick mucous and edema

hypersecretion
acute inflammation of airways
edema
Necrosis of epithelial cells lining small airways
Bronchospasm
28
Q

Bronchiolitis treatment

A

supportive care
oxygenate
hydrate
suction

29
Q

Bronchiolitis red flags

A 
age
WOB
Rate
comorbidities
volume status
30
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder
upper airway hyperresponsiveness
Salbutamol q20-30 mins

31
Q

Why are peds at risk for volume depletion

A 
increased metabolic needs
large body surface area to mass
a higher percentage of the body is water (70-80%)
loose more fluids when breathing
more fluid loss from skin
unable to concentrate urine
32
Q

Bolus

A

10-20ml/kg

33
Q

Maintenance fluids

A

4-2-1 rule
4ml/kg for first 10 kg
2ml/kg for next 10 kg
1ml/kg for remainder

34
Q

neonate sBP

A

80 mmHg

35
Q

1 month to 10 y old sBP

A

70 +(2xage) mmHg

36
Q

how do peds patient raise their Cardiac output

A

increase HR

37
Q

How do children respiratory compensate

A

increase resp rate

38
Q

Why is projectile vomiting a red flag in neonates

A

pyloric stenosis

39
Q

Why is grass green emesis a red flag in neonates

A

intestinal volvulus

40
Q

Neonate red flags (45 weeks PMA)

A 
weight loss ( can lose 10% but should regain by first week)
lethargy
Jaundice
floppy
inconsolable
41
Q

Fever is a red flag in children of what age

A

<3months

42
Q

Why are neonates at an increased risk for sepsis

A

increased permeable blood brain barrier,

exposure to GBS (Group B Strep) in utero/during delivery

limited ability to localize antigens (immature immune systems).

NSER 7210 (8 decks)

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