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Integrated Natural Science > Module 3: Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

Module 3: Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Amplitude

A

the maximum displacement on either side of the euqilibriium (midpoint) position

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2
Q

Define Frequency

A

the number of vibrations per unit time; for a wave the number of crests that pass a particular point per unit time

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3
Q

Define Period

A

time required for a vibration or a wave to make a complete cycle; equal to 1/frequency

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4
Q

Define Wavelength

A

the distance between successive crests, throughs, or identical parts of a wave

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5
Q

Define Longitudinal Waves

A

a wave in which the medium bibrates ina direction parallel (longitudinal) to the direction in which the wave travels; light consists of transverse waves

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6
Q

Define Transverse Waves

A

a wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction perpendicular (transverse) to the direction in which the wave travels; light consists of tranverse waves

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7
Q

Define Reflection

A

the returning of a wave to the medium from which it came when it hits a barrier

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8
Q

Define Refraction

A

the path of a wave bends due to moving from one medium to another

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9
Q

Define Diffraction

A

spreading of wave when passing through a hole

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10
Q

Define Interference

A

the interaction of two or more waves with each other

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11
Q

Defne Doppler Effect

A

the change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source (or due to the motion of the receiver)

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12
Q

Define Sound

A

created when air molecules are vibrated back and forth by a vibration

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13
Q

Define Pitch

A

the quality of sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tune

  • low frequency = low pitch
  • high frequency = high pitch
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14
Q

Define Volume

A

corresponds to the amplitude of the sound wave

  • larger amplitude = louder sound
  • smaller amplitude = softer sound
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15
Q

Describe what a wave is

A

an oscillation accompanied by a trasfer of energy that travels through a medium (space or mass); wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which displaces particles of the transmission medium

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16
Q

Explain the difference between a Transverse Wave and a Longitudinal Wave. Give examples of each.

A
  • Transverse Wave
  1. motion occurs perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave; think of a boat riding ocean waves
  2. examples: light waves, an oscillation string, seismic s-waves
  • Longitudinal Wave
  1. motion occurs parallel to the direction of travel of the wave; think of a slinky laying on the ground and you push one end towards the other
  2. examples: sound waves, pressure waves, seismic p-waves (generated by explosions and earthquakes)
  • FYI - Think of a long line of people holding hands. When one person jumps in the air still holding hands, this causes a chain reaction in making the next person jump up an so on and so on. This is a transverse wave. Now that same line, if the person bumps the person next to them, this will cause a chain reaction with people with bumping and bouncing off of one another. This is longitudinal wave.

​​

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17
Q

Describe the below term associated with waves:

  • Wavelength
A

the distance between successive crests, troughs or identical parts of a wave

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18
Q

Describe the below term associated with waves:

  • Frequency
A

the number of vibrations per unit time; for a wave, the number of crests that pass a particular point per unit time

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19
Q

Describe the below term associated with waves:

  • Amplitude
A

the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (midpoint) position

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20
Q

Define Reflection and give an example.

A

Definition: occurs when a wave encounters a barrier; involves bouncing waves off an opaque surface

Examples: light bouncing off a mirror, voices bouncing off of a rock wall (also called echoes)

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21
Q

Define Refraction and give an example.

A

Definition: a wave moving from one medium to another, the wave bends at this point

Example:looking at a straw in a clear glass of water, earthquakes

22
Q

Define Interference. Explain how constructive and destructive interfernce differ.

A

Definiton: occurs when waves interact with each other

  1. Constructive
  • amplidtude gets bigger
  • increase in sound
  • light would get brighter
  1. Destructive
  • will cancel each other out
  • instead of light you would get dark
  • reduces noise
  • example is noise cancelling headphones
23
Q

Define the Doppler Effect and describe what happens to a wave due to it.

A

Definition: the change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source (or due to the motion of the receiver)

Example: the sound a car makes when it drives past you really fast

  1. Sound Wavelength (Longitudinal Wave)
    * the wave length will have a higher frequency as it travels twoard the objet (or a higher pitch), when it travels past the object the wavelength will lengthen and you will have a lower frequency (or a lower pitch)
  2. Light Wavelength (Transverse Wave)
    * the Doppler Radar station uses radar (a form of light) to track storms; they bounce the radio waves off the storm clouds if they send the radio waves towards the on-coming* storm, the wavelengths will be shorter, higher frequencies; if they send the radio waves towards *outgoing storm, the wavelengths will get longer, lower frequencies
24
Q

A train travels toward you, emitting a horn at a frequency of 256 Hz. Due to the Doppler Effect, the frequency of sound that you hear is acutally:

  1. higher than 256 Hz
  2. lower than 256 Hz
  3. equal to 256 Hz
A
  1. higher than 256 Hz
25
Q

Explain what property of a sound wave changes when the pitch of the sound changes.

A

the frequency of the vibration of a sound wave will give you the pitch of sound; when the pitch of a sound changes, the frequency changes

  • higher frequency = higher pitch
  • lower frequency = lower pitch
26
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • What happens when the wavelength changes?
A
  1. Light:
  • increased wavelength = softer light
  • decreased wavelength = brighter light
  1. Sound:
  • increased wavelength = softer sound and lower pitch
  • decreased wavelength = louder sound and higher pitch
27
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • What happens when the frequency changes?
A
  1. Light:
  • higher frequency = softer light
  • lower frequency = brighter light
  1. Sound:
  • higher frequency = louder and high pitch sound
  • lower frequency = softer sound and lower pitch
28
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • What ahppens when the amplitude changes?
A
  1. LIght:
  • higher amplitude = brighter light
  • lower amplitude = softer light
  1. Sound: (like the volume on a radio)
  • higher amplitude = louder sound
  • lower amplitude = softer sound
29
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Is it transverse or longitudinal?
A
  1. LIght:
    * transverse wave
  2. Sound:
    * longitudinal wave
30
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Media they can travel through
A
  1. LIght:
    * requires no medium, can even move through a vacuum
  2. Sound:
    * solids (ex: Steel Wall), liquids or gases, water but not very well, air
31
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Example of Reflection
A
  1. Light:
    * light bouncing off a mirror
  2. Sound:
    * voices bouncing off a stone wall (echoes)
32
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Example of Doppler Effect
A
  1. LIght:
    * Doppler Radar being used to track storms
  2. Sound:
    * car driving by you with the horn going
33
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Example of Interference
A
  1. Light:
  • Constructive - light would get brighter
  • Destructive - no light only dark or dimmer
  1. Sound:
  • Constructive - increase in sound
  • Destructive - reduces noise (noise cancelling headphones)
34
Q

Describe the properties of light and sound for the statement/question below:

  • Example of Refraction
A
  1. Light:
  • putting a straw in a clear glass
  • light hitting a prism
  1. Sound:
    * being able to hear someone across a lake early in the moring, the air is cooler closer to the water, bending the sounds so they travel faster
35
Q

Sound travels fastest in:

  1. air
  2. water
  3. steel
  4. a vacuum (nothing at all)
A
  1. steel
36
Q

True or False

Light requires a medium to move through.

A

False

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT a transverse Wave?

  1. sound
  2. light
  3. water
  4. “the wave” at the stadium
A
  1. sound
38
Q

Define Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

the range of the electromagnetic waves that extends in frequency from radio waves to gamma waves

39
Q

Define Electromagnetic Wave

A

an energy-carrying wave produced when an electric charge oscillates

40
Q

Describe what an Electromagnetic Wave is

A

an energy-carrying wave produced when an electric charge oscillates; aka LIght; they are all transverse waves; requires no medium to propagate through meaning it can move through the vacuum of space with no problems; light is always moving fast

41
Q

List the types of electromagnetic waves that are located on the electromagnetic spectrum.

A
  • Radio Waves (long wavelength, low energy, low frequency)
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible Light (light we see, middle of spectrum)
  • Ultraviolet Light
  • X-rays
  • Gamma Rays (short wavelength, high energy, high frequency)
42
Q

Name the electromagnetic wave that correspond to the trick statements:

  1. _G_ood _X_ylophones _U_se _V_ery _I_nteresting _M_usical _R_hythm
  2. Real _M_en _I_n _V_egas _U_se _X_-ray _G_oggles
A
  1. Gamma Rays

X-Rays

Ultraviolet Lights

Visible Light

Infrared

Microwaves

Radio Waves

  1. Radio Waves

Microwaves

Infrared

Visible Light

Ultraviolet Light

X-Rays

Gamma Rays

43
Q

Explain how electromagnetic waves are similar and different.

A
  1. Similar: they can all transfer energy
  2. Different: depending where they fall on the spectrum depends on how much energy they can transfer
44
Q

Describe common proactical applications for each of the different types of electromagnetic waves.

A
  1. Radio Waves - cell phones, RFID (tags you find in clothes)
  2. Microwaves - microwave oven, microwave telecommunication dish
  3. Infrared - searching for heating leaks in a power plant or house
  4. Ultraviolet - sterilization of food/equipment
  5. X-rays - imaging for medical/security applications
  6. Gamma Rays - cancer treatments
45
Q

Which of the following is most unlike the others?

  1. Radio Waves
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Sound Waves
  5. Microwaves
A
  1. Sound Waves
  2. Radio Waves (light)
  3. Gamma Rays (light)
  4. Visible Light (light)
  5. Sound Waves (sound)
  6. Microwaves (light)
46
Q

Sound travles fastest in:

  1. air
  2. water
  3. steel
  4. a vacuum (nothing at all)
A
  1. steel
47
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation possesses the most energy?

  1. Radio Waves
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Micorwaves
  5. X-rays
A
  1. Gamma Rays
48
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation possesses the longest wavelength?

  1. Radio Waves
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Micorwaves
  5. X-rays
A
  1. Radio Waves
49
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation is utilized in night-vision glasses?

  1. Infrared Light
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Mocrowaves
  5. X-rays
A
  1. Infrared Light
50
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation is utilized in transmitting cell phone calls?

  1. Infrared Light
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Radio Waves
  5. X-rays
A
  1. Radio Waves
51
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation is utilized in radiation therapy for cancer?

  1. Infrared Light
  2. Gamma Rays
  3. Visible Light
  4. Radio Waves
  5. X-rays
A
  1. Gamma Rays
52
Q
A

Integrated Natural Science (10 decks)

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