Module 3 (Test Week 4) Flashcards
Discontinuous Theory of Matter
The idea that matter is composed of tiny, individual particles; our eyes just can’t see the particles, so the illusion is the matter is continuous.
Antoine Lavoisier
Considered to be the founder of chemistry.
Democritus
Developed the discontinuous theory of matter.
The Law of Mass Conservation
Matter can not be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.
Decomposition
When you can divide something into smaller bundles so that each bundle is a different substance.
Element
Any substance that cannot be decomposed into massive substances
Periodic Table of the Elements
Information about each element all on one table; the chemist’s most important tool.
Metals
Can be easily bent, have luster, and are able to conduct electricity. Elements on the left of the jagged line on the periodic table.
Nonmetals
Break when bent, are lackluster, and cannot conduct electricity. Elements on the right of the jagged line.
Metalloids
Have some metal purposes and nonmetal purposes ; do not worry about this at this point in time.
Compounds
Substances that can be composed into elements by chemical means.
Law of Definite Proportions
The proportion of elements in any compound is always the same.
Law of Multiple Proportions
If two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that react with the fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-ratio number.
Isotopes
Certain atoms within an element can be heavier than other atoms in the same element.
Joseph Proust
Developed the law of definite proportions.
Dimensionless quantities.
Numbers that have no units.
John Dalton.
Developed his “atomic theory”
The element abbreviation which appears is usually either the _____ or the _____ _____ letters of the elements _____ or _____ name
- First
- First two
- English
- Latin
Even thought _____ is left of the _____ _____, it is always considered a _____
- Hydrogen
- Jagged Line
- Nonmetal
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- All elements are composed of small, indivisible particles called “atoms”.
- All atoms of the same element have exactly the same properties.
- Atoms of different elements have different properties.
- Compounds are formed when atoms are joined together. Since atoms are indivisible, they can only join together in simple, whole-number ratios.
Continuous Theory of Matter
The thought that you can cut something in half and it will never completely go away, it will just get smaller and smaller.
Molecules
Groups that are formed when atoms join together to form compounds.
Chemical Symbol
The abbreviation for an atom.
Chemical Formula
Tells you how many of each atom make up the molecule you are interested in.
Ionic
A compound that contains one metal atom and one nonmetal atom that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Covalent
A compound that contains only nonmetal atoms that can not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Distilled (water)
About 99% pure water.
If the compound contains at least one _____ atom and at least one _____ atom, the compound is _____.
- Metal
- Nonmetal
- Ionic
If a compound is made up of solely _____ atoms, the compound is _____.
- Nonmetal
2. Covalent
How do you name an ionic compound ?
- Start with the name of the first atom in the molecule.
- Take the next atom in the molecule and replace the ending with an “ide” suffix.
- Putting these two names together gives you the compounds name.
How do you classify a compound as covalent ?
The same as ionic, but you add a prefix to the first one of there is more than one atom. You always add a prefix to the second one !!!!
One - mono Two - di Three - Tri Four - tentra Five - penta Six - hexa Seven - hepta Eight - octa Nine - Nona Ten - deca
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