[Module 3] Stages of Fetal Development Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of fetal development?
Preembryonic
Embryonic
Fetal
the stage of first 2 weeks, beginning with fertilization
Preembryonic stage
stafe of fetal development from weeks 3 through 8
Embryonic
Period of fetal development from week 8 through birth
Fetal
Refers from ovulation to fertilization
Ovum
Terms used that refers from fertilization to implantation
Zygote
Refers to the period of implantation to 5- 8 weeks
Embryo
Refers to the period from 5-8 weeks until term
Fetus
It refers to the developing embryo & placental structures throughout pregnancy
Conceptus
It is the earliest age at which fetuses survive if born is generally accepted as 24 weeks or at the point a fetus weighs more than 500-600 g
Age of Viability
physiologic removal of acrosome(cap) of the sperm
capacitation
final process that sperm must undergo to be ready for fertilization
capacitation
reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg
Acrosome reaction
proteolytic enzyme released by the spermatozoa
Hyaluronidase
This enzyme acts to dissolve layers of cells protecting the ovum
Hyaluronidase
these are cells that encircle the zona pellucida
corona radiata
This is the protective covering of the ovum
Zona Pellicuda
refers to the action that the ovum becomes impenetrable to other sperm
zona reaction
fertilization is never a certain occurrence because it depends on at least three separate factors, what are these factors?
-Equal maturation of both sperm and ovum
-Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
-Ability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane and achieve fertilization
what is the lifespan of the ovum?
24-48 hours
lifespan of the sperm is what?
48-72 hours
Pregnant women state that she waddles when she walks. What causes this?
Relaxation of the Pelvic Joints
group of physiological & behavioral manifestation experienced by the husband, often the result of stress anxiety & empathy for the pregnant women
Couvade Syndrome
A hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells which allows the corpus luteum to continue its function after fertilization
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
fingerlike projections that reach out from the trophoblast cells into the uterine endometrium to begin formation of the placenta.
Chorionic Villi
These are the terms used when the blastocyst brushes against uterine endometrium, then attaches to indumentum, and finally settles down into soft folds of endometrium respectively.
Apposition, Adhesion, Invasion
the process wherein the zygote burrows into the endometrium of the uterus
Implantation
explain how implantation works.
-From zygote [takes 8-10 days after fertilization]
-Zygote migrates at 3-4 days to the body of the uterus
-Mitotic Cell Division Takes Place, from
[Cleavage]–[Blastomere]–[Morula]–[Blastocyst]–[Apposition]–[Adhesion]–[Invasion]
How does the placenta come into existence?
It arises out of the trophoblast tissue (fusion of chorionic villi and decidua basalis
is a connection between the umbilical vein & ascending vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.
Ductus Venosus
a connection between the pulmonary trunk & aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.
Ductus Arteriosus
is an opening between the right & left atria during fetal life, also bypassing the fetal lungs.
Foramen Ovale
Hormone that maintains the endometrial lining for its growth reduce the contractility of the uterus during pregnancy, thus preventing premature labor.
Progesterone
Hormone with both growth-promoting & w/ lactogenic properties (milk producing)
regulates maternal glucose, protein and fat levels to ensure adequate amount of these are always available to the fetus.
Estrogen
What are the two parts of the amniotic membranes?
Chorion - outer part
Amnion - inner part
dual-walled sac with the chorion as the outmost part and the amnion as the innermost part
The amniotic fluid
formed from the fetal membranes, the amnion and chorion
The umbilical cord
what is the normal length of the umbilical cord?
53 centimeters
what does the umbilical cord contain(s)?
Arteries and Veins
Wharton’s Jelly
Amniotic Membrane
Rate of blood flow
Nerve supply
insulate & protect umbilical cord in the womb
Wharton;s jelly
respiratory & digestive tracts exist as a single tube in what week of life? when does it split?
when does the diaphragm is starting to divide the thoracic cavity from the abdomen?
is the time when the alveoli and capillaries begin to form surfactant - a lipoprotein produce by alveolar cells
3rd week, end of fourth week
7th week
between 24th to 28th week
Term used for excessive saliva production. particularly present in gravida patients
ptyalism
Term used for heartburn
pyrosis
how much of an increase in heart rate do gravida patients experience?
10-15bpm
Refers to the situation where the bladder cannot entirely or effectively empty during urination.
Urinary Stasis
Refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Refers to the term of excessive sweating, particularly in gravid patients
Diaphoresis
During the first three months of pregnancy, what are the hormones that the corpus luteum
estrogen and progesterone
Do pregnant women experience slight hypothyroidism and hypoplasia changes in their endocrine system?
No, they experience slight - - - - Hyperthyroidism, Hyperplasia
This germ tissue develops into the CNS and PNS
Ectoderm
This germ tissue develops into our skin, hair, nails, and tooth enamel
ectoderm
where our sensory organs originated, as well as our mucous membranes of the anus, mouth and nose, and the mammary glands
ectoderm
where our connective tissues, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons originated
Mesoderm
composes of the upper portion of the urinary system (kidneys & ureters) reproductive system, heart, lymph and circulatory system and blood cells
Mesoderm
Where the:
lining of the pericardial, pleura, and peritoneal cavities, lining of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, tonsils, parathyroid, thyroid, and thymus glands
, and makes up the lower urinary system (bladder & urethra) originated.
Mesoderm
