Module 3 Solution Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

have fixed composition such as elements and compounds.

A

Pure substances

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2
Q

have variable composition

A

mixtures

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3
Q

have a single phase and are the same in appearance throughout

A

Homogeneous mixtures

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4
Q

have two or more distinct phases.

A

heterogenous mixtures

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5
Q

are homogeneous mixtures that are consisted of solute and solvent.

A

solution

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6
Q

contains less amount of solvent

A

concentrated solution

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7
Q

contains more solvent.

A

dilute solutions

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8
Q

The solubility of a particular solute in a given solvent is affected by several factors which includes the following:

A

particle size, temp, nature of the solute & solvent, pressure

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9
Q

which is faster to dissolute, smaller or larger particles

A

Smaller particle size has larger surface area, thus, there is more points of interaction between the solute and solvent molecules. Therefore, smaller particle size favors a faster rate of dissolution.

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10
Q

what happens to the solubility of solid solute in liquid when a there is a higher temp

A

increases solubility

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11
Q

solubility of gas in liquid when temp increases

A

decreases

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12
Q

what rule does solubility follow:

A

Solubility follows the rule “like dissolves like”. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvent while nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent.

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13
Q

pressure affecting solubility only affects?

A

gaseous solute in liquid

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14
Q

increase in pressure is ______ proportional to the rate of solubility og gas

A

directly proprotional

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15
Q

% by mass =

A

m solute/m sol’n * 100

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16
Q

% m/v =

A

grams solute/mL sol’n *100

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17
Q

molarity =

A

n solute / L sol’n

18
Q

molality =

A

n solute/kg solvent

19
Q

mole fraction (X) =

A

n solute/n sol’n

20
Q

Xsolute + Xsolvent =

21
Q

ppm =

A

mg/L or mg/kg

22
Q

ppb =

A

μg/L or μg/kg

23
Q

ppt =

A

ng/L or ng/kg

24
Q

Some analysis requires extremely small concentration unit such as those that are done for environmental and medical analysis. For such cases, it is more useful to use

A

parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) and parts per trillion (ppt)

25
concentration units that are of central importance to solution chemistry
molarity, molality and mole fraction
26
those that are dependent only on the amount of solute and not on its nature.
colligative properties
27
four specific colligative properties
1) freezing point depression, 2) boiling point elevation, 3) vapor pressure lowering and 4) osmotic pressure.
28
ΔTf =
kf m
29
ΔTf = freezing point depression =
Tf solvent - Tfsolution
30
ΔTb =
kb m
31
ΔTb = boiling point elevation =
ΔTb solution - ΔTbsolvent
32
Kf of H2O
1.86 C/m
33
Kb of H2O
0.512 C/m
34
the pressure that is needed to prevent the process of osmosis is called
osmotic pressure (π)
35
π =
MRT
36
R = gas constant =
0.0821 L-atm/mol K
37
temp in K
+ 273
38
when a solute is added the vapor pressure above the solution becomes lower compared to that of the pure solvent and this is phenomenon is called
vapor pressure lowering
39
formula for vapor pressure lowering according to Raoult’s Law is:
ΔP = mole fraction of solute * vapor pressure of the pure solvent
40
ΔP = P1o – P1
vp pure solvent - vp solvent above the sol'n