Module 3: Social and Motor Development Flashcards
Which of the following is the most important means of socialization?
a. Trial and error
b. Inference
c. Social interaction
d. Observation
social interaction
What can be said about socialization?
a. It is a one way process of being molded and shaped by our environment
b. It can include any means by which a person gathers information from our society
c. It is generally most important during adolescence
d. It is rarely achieved by inference or trial and error
It can include any means by which a person gathers information from our society
What does movement choices affect?
a. Our ability to fit in socially
b. Our self-identity and social mobility
c. Our attitudes concerning masculinity and femininity
d. Our ability to fit in socially; self-identity and social mobility; and attitudes concerning
masculinity and femininity
Our ability to fit in socially; self-identity and social mobility; and attitudes concerning
masculinity and femininity
What is the formal name for a set of expectations about human behavior?
a. Self-concept
b. Norm
c. Self-worth
d. Role identity
Norm
Which of the following is true of Gruber’s meta-anlysis on physical activity and self
esteem?
a. Too few studies were found to make any substantive conclusions.
b. Typically developing children’s self esteem benefitted from physical activity, though
that was not the case with those who were developing atypically.
c. The greatest self esteem gains were seen in those children who needed it the most.
d. Physical activity had very little impact on self esteem.
The greatest self esteem gains were seen in those children who needed it the most.
According to Harter (1988), why do children’s self-worth change during midchildhood?
a. Parents become more strict.
b. Teachers provide more learning activities that improve children’s self-worth.
c. Children play more independently.
d. Cognitive capabilities increase.
Cognitive capabilities increase.
Which of the following are elements of self-worth?
a. Scholastic and athletic competence
b. Parent relationships
c. Romantic appeal
d. All of the selections are elements of self-worth
All of the selections are elements of self-worth
Scholastic and athletic competence
Parent relationships
Romantic appeal
According to Harter’s scale of self-worth development, what can college-age individuals
differentiate and articulate?
a. Very few elements of self-worth
b. Twelve elements of self-worth
c. All elements of self-worth
d. More than fifty elements of self-worth, but not all of them
Twelve elements of self-worth
Physical appearance and social acceptance are important for developing self-worth
during which age range?
a. mid- to late childhood
b. young adulthood
c. adulthood
d. all of the above
all of the above
mid- to late childhood
young adulthood
adulthood
What is the first year of life considered to be?
a. An egocentric or asocial period
b. A period of extensive social interaction
c. A period in which increased social sophistication decreases motor activity
d. A period in which family relationships have little effect on motor development
An egocentric or asocial period
What is the primary socializing agency during early childhood?
a. School
b. Family
c. Television
d. Friends
Family
What happens during early adolescence?
a. Dependence on family is reduced, and peer dependence is increased
b. Dependence on peers is reduced, and family dependence is increased
c. Dependence on television and other media is increased, and dependence on peers is
reduced
d. Dependence on peers and family is less than in late childhood
Dependence on family is reduced, and peer dependence is increased
When children are between 24 and 30 months old, what is their most common type of
play?
a. With another child, side by side
b. Very social
c. Solitary
d. With their brothers and sisters
Solitary
Parallel play is a more mature level of play than which of the following?
a. Cooperative play
b. Associative play
c. Social play
d. Solitary play
Solitary play
Which of the following is true about peer groups?
a. They are group situations in which members are treated as equals.
b. They are highly modifiable as the group’s interests and needs change.
c. They are strongly influential in the development of movement skills of adolescents
but not of young children.
d. All of the selections are correct.
All of the selections are correct.
They are group situations in which members are treated as equals.
They are highly modifiable as the group’s interests and needs change.
They are strongly influential in the development of movement skills of adolescents
but not of young children.
When children are involved in the associative play, they do one of the following?
a. Engage in purposeful, group-oriented play activities involving games
b. Usually play independently, engrossed in their own activity
c. Exhibit an awareness of each other and begin to exchange toys, but without a group
goal
d. Select larger group activities to develop leadership skills, to compete, and to form a
sense of social recognition
Exhibit an awareness of each other and begin to exchange toys, but without a group
goal
Research on child’s play has determined which of the following?
a. It is instrumental to developmental success in later life
b. It enables greater adaptabilty
c. It is essential to cognitive development in childhood
d. All of the above
All of the above
It is instrumental to developmental success in later life
It enables greater adaptabilty
It is essential to cognitive development in childhood
Title IX has done which of the following?
a. Helped to significantly increase the number of opportunities for girls in sports
b. Had only a small effect on the number of opportunities for girls in sports
c. Has not increased the number of opportunities for girls in sports, but it has helped
to improve the quality of the opportunities
d. Led to a decrease in both opportunites and quality of the opportunities for girls in
sports
Helped to significantly increase the number of opportunities for girls in sports
What are the major social factors affecting motor development in early adulthood?
a. Weight gain, death of a parent, leaving school
b. Cohabitation (e.g., marriage), having children, leaving school/going to work
c. Going to work, weight gain, reduced interest in physical activity
d. Declining interest in physical activities, injury, weight gain
Cohabitation (e.g., marriage), having children, leaving school/going to work
Research on people from 122 countries showed which of the following?
a. Seventy-five percent of adolescents and nearly all adults failed to achieve
recommended amounts of physical activity
b. Fewer than half of all people surveyed did not achieve recommended amounts of
physical activity
c. Nearly a third of adolescents and nearly 80 percent of adults did not achieve the
recommended amounts of physical activity
d. Adolescents and adults were found to surprisingly physically active
Nearly a third of adolescents and nearly 80 percent of adults did not achieve the
recommended amounts of physical activity
In research conducted by Heinz and associates, which of the following is true about
parents?
a. They had more influence over the types of sports activities their daughters engaged
in.
b. They placed greater value on their son’ sports participation, but they spent more
money on their daughters’ activities.
c. They stressed sports participation equally for their sons and daughters.
d. They were found to place greater value on the sport participation of their sons.
They were found to place greater value on the sport participation of their sons.
Compared to younger adults, what do older adults generally tend to experience?
a. Fewer social activities
b. More social activities
c. No significant change in the quantity of social activities
d. A conclusion regarding quantity of social activities is difficult to achieve, because it
depends on the individual
Fewer social activities
According to Piaget, pretence play—characterized by more social interaction and fantasy
play—is most common among children in which age group?
a. 2–4 years of age
b. 4–7 years of age
c. 7–9 years of age
d. Older than 9 years of age
4–7 years of age
According to various researchers discussed in the textbook, retirement is often associated
with what kind of outcomes?
a. Negative psychological outcomes, especially for those retiring before the age of 60
years
b. Positive psychological outcomes, especially for those retiring before the age of 60
years
c. Unchanging psychological outcomes compared to the pre-retirement state
d. Negative psycholgical outcomes, but only for those who continue to work past 75
years of age
Negative psychological outcomes, especially for those retiring before the age of 60
years
Research by Huxhold and colleagues discovered which of the following in regards to social
activity among older adults?
a. It increased life satisfaction, especially when done with family versus friends.
b. It increased life satisfaction, especially when done with friends versus family.
c. It decreased life satisfaction.
d. It had surprisingly little effect on life satisfaction.
It increased life satisfaction, especially when done with friends versus family.
As a result of sarcopenia, by 80 years of age many people will have experienced ___percent decline in muscle mass
50 percent decline in muscle mass
Sarcopenia is age related; it also leads to which of the following?
a. Involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and related strength
b. Voluntary loss of skeletal muscle and related strength
c. Involuntary loss of cardiovascular endurance
d. Involuntary loss of cardiovascular endurance
Involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and related strength
- Research conducted by Healthy People 2020 found which of the following?
a. The number of people from 45 to 75 years of age who participate in no leisure time
physical activity increased significantly over the last several years.
b. The number of people from 45 to 75 years of age who participate in no leisure time
physical activity decreased over the last several years.
c. 25 percent of adults in the United States do not meet the guidelines for aerobic and
muscle strengthening activities.
d. 50 percent of adults in the United States do not meet the guidelines for aerobic and
muscle strengthening activities.
The number of people from 45 to 75 years of age who participate in no leisure time
physical activity decreased over the last several years.
Socialization is how we
acquire movement abilities
form relationships
learning how we interact
movement abilities we choose
Stage 1 of Infancy and toddlerhood
infant reflexes and attempts at maintaining social contact
Stage 2 of Infancy and Toddlerhood
Differential response to strangers and caregivers
Stage 3 of Infancy and Toddlerhood
Greater mobility facilitates active social interaction
Stage 4 of infancy and toddlerhood
improved motor control for responding to social contact
