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ARE 5.0 PA > Module 3 - Site Analysis & Programming > Flashcards

Module 3 - Site Analysis & Programming Flashcards

1
Q

Define a Preliminary Survey.

A

Preliminary survey: a basic plan showing the boundaries, orientation (north) and maybe some major features. This is used to prepare initial design plans.

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2
Q

What is a Construction Survey?

A

Construction Survey: A highly detailed plan showing the exact conditions of the site, details, existing structures, topography, offsets and benchmarks.

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3
Q

What is a Possession Survey and why is it used?

A

Possession Surveys, often called “As-Builts” reflect the project as it actually exists, reflecting all changes that may have occurred during construction from the construction documents.

These are vital for any future projects and for reference in general.

They are typically transferred from Owner to Owner if there is a sale of the property.

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4
Q

What is the difference between a geodetic survey and a plane survey?

A

A Geodetic survey takes into account the spherical shape of the Earth, and describes large land areas with great precision (eliminates distortion).

A Plane survey presents the site as a flat plane. Although technically distorted, this is the one used most often.

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5
Q

Name two types of surveys that are considered plane surveys?

A

Land Survey

Topographic Survey

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6
Q

In relation to surveys, what are parallels and meridians?

A

Parallels are lines that run E-W, parallel to the Earth’s latitude lines.

Meridians are lines that run N-S, parallel to the Earth’s longitudinal lines.

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7
Q

Name 5 typical
elements that would
appear on a
topographic survey?

A
  1. Contour intervals
  2. Crown/Ridges
  3. Swale/Valley
  4. Hills
  5. Depressions
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8
Q

What level of survey would be sending an office employee to survey the site conditions for a new project be?

A

Preliminary Survey

Such a survey would not include topography, offsets, or benchmarks.

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9
Q

What is a baseline?

A

A baseline is a parallel line (following the latitudes of Earth) used as the basis for the east – west layout of the US Survey system.

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10
Q

On a survey, a reference to the distance above sea level or some other established reference point is called a:

A

Datum

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11
Q

In terms of a topographical map, what are concave slopes?

A

Concave slopes are where the ground is scoped out (like a cave). They’re shown by parallel contours spaced at decreasing intervals going uphill.

The closer contours are at the higherelevation.

Water will collect and pool in a concave slope.

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12
Q

In terms of a topographical map, what are convex slopes?

A

Are where the ground slopes like the top of a circle (think contact lens).

They’re shown by parallel contours spaced at increasing intervals going uphill.

The closer contours are at the lower elevation. Water will shed away from a convex slope.

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13
Q

What is a ridge?

A

A ridge is a long, thin flat area that slopes down on both sides.

A ridge is indicated by contours which point downhill.

Water will shed down both sides of a ridge.

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14
Q

How are summits and depressions depicted on a topographic map?

A

Summits are high flat areas and depressions are low areas. They’re represented by concentric closed contours.

For both forms, spot elevations should be included at the highest or lowest spot.

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15
Q

What is a spot elevation?

A

A number corresponding to the exact elevation at a key point on the ground.

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16
Q

Which is permitted to be steeper: a cut slope or a filled slope?

A

Cut slope.
Cut earth is generally more stable than filled earth (since the cut earth has been there for millions of years). Because of this, cut slopes are generally permitted to be steeper than filled slopes.

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17
Q

What is the least expensive and most convenient way to grade a site?

A

Balance the amount of cut and fill. In other words, the amount being cut on one part of the site should be used for fill on another part.

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18
Q

Define Riparian Rights.

A

A system of rights and duties that determine the reasonable use, duties, and allocations of water to Owners of waterfront property (includes bottomland, beach, and upland, but not the water itself).

Owners can use water adjacent to their property, but can’t infringe upon the rights of others to use the water.

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19
Q

In Land division terms, a “Check” refers to what?

A

A check refers to each 24 mile square created by the meridians and parallels, and divided into 16 townships.

20
Q

What does Sheet Flow refer to?

A

Sheet flow refers to water that flows across paved surfaces.

21
Q

Describe the difference between meridians and parallels.

A

Longitudinal lines running North – South are called “meridians.” Lines between these are called range lines.

Latitudinal lines running East – West are called “parallels.” (Some are called base lines) Lines between the parallels are called township lines.

22
Q

Define the following terms: Check, Township, Section, Quarter

A

A check refers to each 24 mile square created by the meridians and parallels.

Each check is divided into 4x4 squares, creating 16 townships per check. Each township is 6 miles square and numbered and designated as North or South of the base line and east or west of principal meridian.

Townships are subdivided into 6 x 6 squares, creating 36 square sections (each one square mile).

Sections are divided into 4 quarters (each 1/4 square mile).

Quarters: Sections are divided into 4 quarters.

23
Q

What is the difference between a retention pond and a detention pond?

A

Retention ponds are designed to keep water indefinitely.

Detention ponds allow water to seep into the ground.

A detention pond is a low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location. They are often used for flood control when large amounts of rain could cause flash flooding if not dealt with properly.

24
Q

What is a typical slope for a sidewalk (not cross slope)?

A

A typical slope for a sidewalk is 4-10%.

25
Q

In general, why are rural sites more expensive to develop than urban or suburban sites?

A

Rural sites often have limited, outdated or no utilities.

Adding, extending, or altering utilities can add greatly to the cost of a project.

26
Q

How could a building design be impacted if a high water table is discovered on the site?

A

Groundwater within 6 feet of land surface may cause an issue with the foundation.

Solutions can include: pump water out of excavation; waterproof the basement walls; design the basement walls to resist hydrostatic pressure; install a continuous drain pipe along the foundation.

27
Q

A feasibility study is likely to include at least:

A

Site Considerations, Location considerations, and Identifying potential land issues, codes/ordinances.

28
Q

Name 4 parts of a Program Document.

A
  1. Programming Statement: a detailed description of the functional requirements, expressed in a narrative form, that are to be achieved in a construction project. A programming statement is applicable to new construction, remodeling and renovation projects.
  2. Relationship and Flow Diagrams: preliminary diagrams and sketches showing relationships and flow between spaces, which can be helpful for the Architect during the schematic design phase.
  3. Functional Program: raw data on number of users, times of use, operational needs and more for analysis and development of a Facilities Program; often provided by the owner as standard space requirements.
    1. Facilities Program: a list of the scope, area requirements, adjacencies, costs and site analysis.
29
Q

What 3 graphic tools can an Architect use to perform a functional analysis of the client’s needs?

A
  1. Matrix Chart
  2. Bubble Diagram
  3. Blocking and Stacking

These graphic tools are helpful to solve the layout of building spaces as well as determine hierarchy.

They are also simple and flexible enough to change easily with input from the Owner.

30
Q

Describe the difference between Net Area and Gross Area.

A

Net Area: Area of spaces within a building NOT including circulation, building structure and mechanical spaces.

Gross Area: Area of all building spaces, including circulation, building structure and mechanical spaces.

31
Q

Why is it a good idea to allow for 10-20% additional space within a programming layout?

A

This additional space will allow the Architect to design a building that is flexible and allows for future expansion.

32
Q

Define an Efficiency Ratio.

A

An Efficiency Ratio is a ratio of the Net versus Gross areas within a building.

Many buildings tend to fall in the 60-80% efficiency range.

Simple buildings such as single family homes and offices are more efficient since they require less space for circulation and building systems.

Complex buildings such as hospitals tend to be less efficient due to their high level of building system infrastructure required in order for the building to function properly.

33
Q

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest:
1. Total Building Group
2. Component Building
3. Activity Center
4. Space Unit

A
  1. Total Building Group
  2. Component Building
  3. Activity Center
  4. Space Unit
34
Q

What Program Format is each of the following a good example of (in order):
1. Component Building
2. Space Unit
3. Total Building Group
4. Activity Center

A
  1. Component Building
  2. Space Unit
  3. Total Building Group
  4. Activity Center
35
Q

What is a swale?

A

An elongated depression in the land that carries water downhill. Since water flows into swales, they are seasonally wet, and usually well-vegetated since seeds get carried into the swale.

36
Q

Name of the 10 major factors in potential site feasibility and development.

A
  1. Climate
  2. Topography
  3. Drainage
  4. Soil
  5. Natural features
  6. Built features
  7. Utilities
  8. Access points
  9. Traffic patterns
  10. Easements
37
Q

Define a ‘Possession’ level survey.

A

Also know as an “as-built” survey. This is done after construction to document the final, completed project.

38
Q

What do closely spaced contours indicate?

A

A steep slope.

39
Q

Name the 4 Land Division Terms.

A
  1. Check
  2. Township
  3. Section
  4. Quarter Section
40
Q

In which regions would water table concerns require even more special consideration.

A

Colder regions where water freezes causing expansion.

41
Q

List the 6 possible surveys/inspections an owner may opt for with an existing building.

A
  1. Site Survey
  2. Soils Report
  3. Foundation Survey
  4. Structural Systems
  5. Major Building Systems
  6. Tests for hazardous materials
42
Q

Name some of the advantages of bubble diagrams.

A

They allow the client to quickly get a sense of the layout.

They are quick to draw.

They allow you to easily produce several options for the layouts The final bubble diagram will help guide the design of the schematic floor plans.

43
Q

Regarding a south facing exposure what kinds of elements can be introduced to control summer sun?

A

Overhangs and deciduous trees

44
Q

Under what conditions is it okay to site a structure above an underground stream or aquifer?

A

None.

45
Q

Keeping warm air inside a structure informs design elements.
Name two.

A

Type and thickness of walls and roof.

The size and location of windows.

46
Q

Define ‘Net Area’.

A

The interior floor area of all of the functional spaces within the building.
(Measured from inside the walls)

ARE 5.0 PA (4 decks)

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