Module 3: Reactive Chemistry Flashcards
What is the difference between a physical and a chemical reaction?
In a physical reaction there is no chemical change, however in a chemical change, intramolecular bonds are broken, rearranging atoms and molecules that form a new substance.
Is a physical or chemical reaction reversable?
Physical.
Digesting food is an example of a physical or chemical reaction?
chemical.
What is a separation technique used to separate physical reactions?
Filtration & distillation.
What is a separation technique used to separate chemical reactions?
decomposition & electrolysis
Name three different types of chemical reactions
Synthesis
Decomposition
Combustion
Precipitation
Neutralisation (acid + base)
Acid + carbonate
Acid on metal
Double displacement
What is a synthesis reaction?
When multiple chemicals to form a more complex product.
Eg. 2Ca + O2 → 2CaO
What type of reaction is this:
2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Where a compound is broken down into its elements.
A decomposition reaction
Explain the two different types of combustion.
Complete Combustion: carbon compound + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Incomplete Combustion: carbon compound + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water
What type of chemical reaction produces an insoluble substance.
Precipitation
What is a combustion reaction?
It is burning chemicals. It is a type of chemical reaction where new substances such as light and heat are produced.
What is the chemical reaction of neutralisation (acid + base)?
Acid + base → salt + water
What is an acid carbonate reaction?
acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbondioxide.
In an acid carbonate reaction what is being produced as the reaction is fizzing and bubbling?
carbon dioxide
What are the products when an acid reacts with a metal?
hydrogen gas + salt
When an acid reacts with a metal what is the test that proves hydrogen gas was produced?
‘the pop test’
What type of chemical reaction is this an example of:
potassium bromide + silver nitrate → potassium nitrate + silver bromide.
double displacement
When Indigenous people are detoxifying foods what is the purpose of physical processes (include examples).
processes such as grating, grinding and pounding break the cell walls of food sources, allowing the toxins to be released.
Name the different processes for detoxifying foods.
physical processes, solution, heating, drying, fermentation, absorption & changing the pH
Give an example of a food aboriginal people must detoxify.
cycad palm macrozamia, bush tomato, black bean
Going from left to right on the periodic table, the reactivity of metals increases. True or false.
false
Why are Caesium & Francium the most reactive metals?
They have the largest atomic nuclei, are least electronegative and lose their valance electrons the easiest.
What are the most reactive non-metals?
Fluorine & Chlorine
What are the three types of reactions that aid in determining the relative reactivity of metals?
Metal + water reactions
Metal + dilute acids
Combustion (reactions with oxygen).
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons.
When a species in a reaction loses electrons, it is reduced or oxidised?
oxidised
Are metals or non-metals more likely to be reduced?
non-metals.
What is the oxidation state/number?
It is the number assigned to an element that represents the electrons lost (if number positive) or electrons gained (if number negative)
True or false, a more reactive metal will displace a less reaction metal from solution.
True
Oxidation occurs at the…
anode
Reduction occurs at the…
cathode
What do the two beakers of a galvanic cell represent?
The two half equations in a metal displacement reaction. Each half solution contains an electrode in an electrolytic solution.
True or false, a galvanic cell does not allow a spontaneous reaction.
false
What is the salt bridge in a galvanic cell used for?
It provides electrical contact between the solutions to avoid build up of charges. (maintain electrical neutrality).
What direction does the electrons flow?
From the anode (through the wire/conductor of an external circuit) to the cathode.
What is the oxidation state/ number of:
Oxygen
-2
What is the oxidation state/ number of:
Halogens
-1
What is the oxidation state/ number of:
a whole molecule
0
What is the oxidation state/ number of:
hydrogen
+1
What is the oxidation state/ number of:
Polyatomic ions
their valancy
