Module 3 Neurological (1)

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 1

all neuronal tracts that are outside of the brain and spinal cord, except the optic nerve.

Question 2

Peripheral nerves consist of?

Answer 2

bundles of sensory and motor axons grouped together

Question 3

Fascicles

Answer 3

axons grouped together

Question 4

Schwann Cells

Answer 4

myelinate the axons allowing for rapid neurotransmission

Question 5

Acetylcholine

Answer 5

Primary motor neuron neurotransmitter

Question 6

Name of disease that results in progressive loss of functional or living motor neurons

Answer 6

ALS

Question 7

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG)

Answer 7

clusters of neuronal cell bodies that reside outside of spinal cord (sensory neurons)

Question 8

Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord

Answer 8

the dorsal horn

Question 9

Schwann cell

Answer 9

Predominant neuro-supportive (glial) cell type in PNS
Myelinates axons in peripheral nerves
will proliferate and regenerate

Question 10

Glial cells (peripheral)

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

Glial cells (central)

Answer 11

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Cerebrospinal Fluid volume in mL

Answer 12

~125-150 mL

Question 13

Cerebrospinal Fluid function

Answer 13

buoyancy, protection, chemical stability (waste pH), creates pressure gradient that facilitates perfusion.

Question 14

Ventricles (CNS)

Answer 14

“open” spaces within CNS that are filled with CSF

Question 15

3 membranes of the Meninges

Answer 15

dura (thick, tough), Arachnoid (spider-like process), Pia (think, delicate)

Question 16

Sensory Neuron function

Answer 16

transmits impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 17

Associational/Interneuron function

Answer 17

transmits impulses from neuron to neuron

Question 18

Motor Neuron function

Answer 18

transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ.

Question 19

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

Non-proliferative cells that myelinate neuronS within CNS white matter

Question 20

Astrocytes

Answer 20

most abundant cell type in CNS. They are best defined as a supportive cell for neurons

Question 21

Astrocyte function

Answer 21

uptake of neurotransmitters from synapses: controls intensity and duration of firing axons.

Question 22

Microglia function

Answer 22

mostly function as a macrophage for the brain. 10% of CNS cell population. Has M1 and M2 features.

Question 23

Microglia cytotoxic secretions

Answer 23

H2O2, NO, IL-1, PGE2s, TNFa (destroys infected neurons, viruses, and bacteria. sometimes causes collateral damage)

Question 24

Neural Stem Cells

Answer 24

self renewing cells that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes.

Question 25

Neurotransmitters: Amino Acids

Answer 25

Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory), Aspartate

Question 26

Neurotransmitters: Monoamines

Answer 26

Dopamine, Serotonin, Histamine

Question 27

Neurotransmitters: Peptides

Answer 27

Somatostatin, opioids

Question 28

Neurotransmitters: miscellaneous

Answer 28

Acetylcholine (excitatory), adenosine

Question 29

Neurotransmission: Excitatory Ion movement

Answer 29

Calcium and sodium rush into the cytoplasm. creates a more +ve electric potential

Question 30

Neurotransmission: Inhibitory Ion movement

Answer 30

Chloride rushes into the cytoplasm. creates a more -ve electric potential