Module 3 Neurological (1) Flashcards
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
all neuronal tracts that are outside of the brain and spinal cord, except the optic nerve.
Peripheral nerves consist of?
bundles of sensory and motor axons grouped together
Fascicles
axons grouped together
Schwann Cells
myelinate the axons allowing for rapid neurotransmission
Acetylcholine
Primary motor neuron neurotransmitter
Name of disease that results in progressive loss of functional or living motor neurons
ALS
Dorsal root ganglia (DRG)
clusters of neuronal cell bodies that reside outside of spinal cord (sensory neurons)
Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord
the dorsal horn
Schwann cell
Predominant neuro-supportive (glial) cell type in PNS
Myelinates axons in peripheral nerves
will proliferate and regenerate
Glial cells (peripheral)
Schwann cells
Glial cells (central)
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
Cerebrospinal Fluid volume in mL
~125-150 mL
Cerebrospinal Fluid function
buoyancy, protection, chemical stability (waste pH), creates pressure gradient that facilitates perfusion.
Ventricles (CNS)
“open” spaces within CNS that are filled with CSF
3 membranes of the Meninges
dura (thick, tough), Arachnoid (spider-like process), Pia (think, delicate)
Sensory Neuron function
transmits impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS
Associational/Interneuron function
transmits impulses from neuron to neuron
Motor Neuron function
transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ.
Oligodendrocytes
Non-proliferative cells that myelinate neuronS within CNS white matter
Astrocytes
most abundant cell type in CNS. They are best defined as a supportive cell for neurons
Astrocyte function
uptake of neurotransmitters from synapses: controls intensity and duration of firing axons.
Microglia function
mostly function as a macrophage for the brain. 10% of CNS cell population. Has M1 and M2 features.
Microglia cytotoxic secretions
H2O2, NO, IL-1, PGE2s, TNFa (destroys infected neurons, viruses, and bacteria. sometimes causes collateral damage)
Neural Stem Cells
self renewing cells that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes.
Neurotransmitters: Amino Acids
Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory), Aspartate
Neurotransmitters: Monoamines
Dopamine, Serotonin, Histamine
Neurotransmitters: Peptides
Somatostatin, opioids
Neurotransmitters: miscellaneous
Acetylcholine (excitatory), adenosine
Neurotransmission: Excitatory Ion movement
Calcium and sodium rush into the cytoplasm. creates a more +ve electric potential
Neurotransmission: Inhibitory Ion movement
Chloride rushes into the cytoplasm. creates a more -ve electric potential
