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HEMA 256 MB > Module 3: Mechanisms of Normal Hemostasis (from review sheet) > Flashcards

Module 3: Mechanisms of Normal Hemostasis (from review sheet) Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostasis

A

prevention and arrest of bleeding by rapid repair of nay ruptures in blood vessels

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2
Q

5 components of hemostasis

A 
vascular
platelet
coagulation system
fibrinolytic system
natural anticoagulants and inhibitors
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3
Q

3 things secreted by endothelial cells that make them thromboresistant

A

heparin sulfate
Prostacyclin
nitrous oxide

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4
Q

2 types of vasoconstriction after injury

A 
muscular
humoral (delayed due to release of endothelin)
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5
Q

endothelin

A

secreted by endothelial cells

induces smooth muscle contraction for vasoconstriction

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6
Q

2 things released by injured tissue

A 
Tissue thromboplastin (III)
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
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7
Q

Tests for vascular response (3)

A

bleeding time
closure test
capillary fragility test

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8
Q

why is Thrombopoiesis different from other cells (2)

A

megakaryocytic get bigger as they mature

no cellular division

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9
Q

platelet lifespan in blood

A

8-10 days

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10
Q

3 zones of platelet

A

peripheral
sol gel
organelle

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11
Q

peripheral zone

A

plasma membrane
outer coating
glycocalyx
Important for adhesion and aggregation

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12
Q

Sol gel zone

A

cytoskeleton with contractile proteins thrombosthenin and actomyosin
importnat in plt retraction, shape changes, viscous metamophosis in secondary aggregation

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13
Q

Organelle zone

A

canicular system, dense bodies, alpha granules (PF3, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, PF4), dense tubular system (stores Ca2+)
Important in plt retraction and prostaglandin synthesis

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14
Q

% of platelets in circulation

A

70%

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15
Q

% of platelets in spleen

A

17%

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16
Q

% of platelets in liver, lungs, bone marrow

A

13%

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17
Q

Platelet factor

A

substance absorbed onto the plt membrane or carried in the plt granules that are released during the release reaction and that influence homeostasis

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18
Q

PF1

A

absorbed coagulation factor V

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19
Q

PF2

A

fibrinogen activating factor

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20
Q

PF3

A

platelet phospholipid

acts as organization surface to bring required factors into close proximity and facilitate reaction

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21
Q

PF4

A

anti-heparin factor

glycoprotein that inhibits the reaction of heparin

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22
Q

Platelet functions (2)

A 
hemostatic functions (plug, adhesion, aggregation and retraction)
Thromboplastic (actual clot, plt releases chemicals that reinforce vasoconstriction, aggregation and coagulation reactions that promote growth and healing)
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23
Q

platelet adhesion requires (2)

A

GPIb

vwF

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24
Q

Primary aggregation requires (4) - reversible

A

ADP
GIIb/IIIa
Ca2+
Fibrinogen

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25
Q

secondary aggregation requires (2) - irreversible

A

ADP and thrombin

26
Q

Result of secondary aggregation (3)

A

induce prosaglandin synthesis
activate enzymes that hydrolyse plt membrane phospholipids
Arachidonic acid used by cyclooxyrgenase to produce PGH2 and then the enzyme TxA2 syntheses changes PGH2 into TxA2

27
Q

Thromboxane A2 functions (3)

A

release calcium
lowers camp levels
vasoconstrictor

28
Q

Contractile protein involved in plt retraction

A

Thrombosthenin

29
Q

Inhibitors of plt aggregation will increase CAMP levels by

A

activating adenylcyclase or inhibiting phosphodiesterase

30
Q

Aggregation agents will decrease CAMP levels by

A

inhibiting adenycyclase or activating phosphodiesterase

31
Q

Chelating agents inhibit plt aggregation by

A

removing Ca2+

32
Q

Heparin inhibits

A

thrombin

33
Q

Aspirin inhibits plt aggregation by

A

inhibiting TxA2 synthesis in plts

34
Q

Screening test for plts (4)

A

plt count
bleeding time
closure time
capillary fragility

35
Q

Function tests for plt adhesion, aggregation, retraction (5)

A 
plt adhesion tests
plt aggregation tests
prothrombin consumption time
PF3 availability
clot retraction
36
Q

Tests for cause of low plt (3)

A

bone marrow examination
tests for anti-plt antibody
Plt survival studies

37
Q

All activated enzymes are _____ except XIIIa

A

serine proteases

38
Q

XIIIa

A

transamidase

39
Q

Factor that is never “activated”

A

I

40
Q

Factor VIII made up of 2 components

A

antihemophilic

VWF

41
Q

Contact group key words

A

His private parts hurt

HMWK, PTA, PK, Hageman

42
Q

Prothrombin group key words

A

Presents save christmas Santa

Prothrombin, stuart-prower, christmas, stable

43
Q

Fibrinogen group key words

A

Fancy ladies acquire funds

Fibrinogen, Labile, antihemophilic, fibrinase

44
Q

Intrinsic group key words (APTT)

A

Horny prostitutes have coitus and spread legs for precious pennies

HMWK, Prothrombin, hageman, christmas, antihemophilic, stuart power, labile, fibrinogen, pta, pk

45
Q

extrinsic group key words (PT)

A

Silly sluts love pillow fights

Stuart prower, stable, labile, prothrombin, fibrinogen

46
Q

Factors key words

A 
French  I Fibrinogen
prostitutes II Prothrombin
tell III Tissue factor
clients IV Ca2+
loves V Labile
stupid VII Stable
anyways VIII Antihemophilic
children IX Christmas
spend X Stuart-prower
pennies XI PTA
hella XII Hageman
fast XIII Fibrinase
47
Q

Thrombin major functions (4)

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin
activates factor XIII
enhances factor V and VIII
induces plt aggregation

48
Q

How does factor XIII stabilize fibrin clot

A

catalyzing formation of strong covalent bonds between amino acids of fibrin monomers in different polymers

49
Q

Localization and control of hemostasis (5)

A

inhibition of hemostasis by products of coagulation
concentration of coagulation factors by their adoption onto plt surface
Natural antithrombins in plasma (pinocytosis)
Tissue damage starts fibrinolytic system
Thrombomodulin binds to thrombin and activates protein C (destroys V and VIII)

50
Q

most significan antithrombin

A

antithrombin III
activated by heparin
Inhibits: II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

51
Q

2 ways plasminogen activated plasmin

A

tpa secreted by injury
weakly activated by thrombin
accelerated by XII, HMWK, PK

52
Q

5 actions of plasmin

A 
digest/destroy structure of fibrinogen/fibrin
produces FDP
destroys V, VIII, IX, XI
activates complement
enhances XII and PK
53
Q

FDP roles (3)

A

inhibit thrombin
inhibit fibrin polymerization
increase vascular permeability

54
Q

tests for fibrinolysis (2)

A 
D Dimer (increased; secondary fibrinolysis)
Fibrinogen assay (decreased)
55
Q

Groups consumed during coagulation

A

fibrinogen group
XI from contact group
II from prothrombin group

56
Q

Groups present in serum (after clotting)

A

contact and prothrombin (except factor II)

57
Q

groups Present in plasma

A

contact, prothrombin and fibrinogen (except I, XIII)

58
Q

Groups absorbed by BaSO4

A

prothrombin group

59
Q

Groups Present in absorbed plasma

A

contact and fibrinogen

60
Q

Groups dependent on Vit K

A

Prothrombin

61
Q

Groups synthesized in liver

A

Prothrombin and fibrinogen (except VIII)

HEMA 256 MB (9 decks)

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