Module 3: Language and Thought

Question 1

Although Koshik the elephant was mimicking his caregivers, he isn’t demonstrating what?

Answer 1

Productivity

Question 2

Productivity:

Answer 2

The creation of new messages. Humans can connect unrelated information to form new ideas or messages.

Question 3

Grammar

Answer 3

The general rules of language

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

Structure and order of words within a language

Question 5

Birth - 3 months?

Answer 5

Making cooing and gurgling sounds

Question 6

4 - 6 months?

Answer 6

Crying expressively, responding to his name and making early vowel and consonant sounds

Question 7

7 - 18 months?

Answer 7

Copy hand gestures and gestures meaningfully by pointing. Responding to simple commands

Question 8

2 - 3 years?

Answer 8

Able to match objects to names. Uses full, 2-4 word sentences to communicate

Question 9

4 - 5 years?

Answer 9

Correctly using simple grammar rules. Uses full sentences to tell short stories.

Question 10

Who defined speech as verbal behaviour?

Answer 10

B.F Skinner

Question 11

B.F Skinner used theories of :

Answer 11

Operant Conditioning

Question 12

Nature:

Answer 12

Chomsky

Question 13

Nurture:

Answer 13

B.F Skinner

Question 14

Chomsky argues that:

Answer 14

Our brains appear to be ready to acquire language

Question 15

Critical period?

Answer 15

A theoretical stage in development when it is necessary for children to receive environmental stimulation in order to promote healthy development

Question 16

Sensitive period?

Answer 16

Throughout development, the neurological system is more malleable during early development but is still modifiable later in life with the proper environmental stimulation.

Question 17

Broca’s area:

Answer 17

controls motor production of speech

Question 18

Wernicke’s area:

Answer 18

contribute to the comprehension of language

Question 19

Broca’s aphasia:

Answer 19

Difficulty with the motor production of language. Also known as non-fluent aphasia.

Question 20

Wernicke’s aphasia:

Answer 20

A patient has intact physical production of speech, but communication lacks meaning. Also known as fluent aphasia.

Question 21

prosody

Answer 21

speech patterns or melody of speech

Question 22

mental lexicon

Answer 22

The storage of words and related concepts

Question 23

Phonemes

Answer 23

The smallest sound unit of language

Question 24

Morphemes

Answer 24

The smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning

Question 25

Semantic

Answer 25

the meaning of a word

Question 26

Heuristics

Answer 26

The smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning

Question 27

Means-end heuristic

Answer 27

A problem-solving strategy which involves the problem solver to envision the desired, goal-state, and take whatever measures necessary to attain that goal

Question 28

Representative heuristic

Answer 28

A problem-solving strategy which involves the problem solver mentally comparing something to our stored prototype of an event, object, or person

Question 29

Confirmation Bias

Answer 29

The tendency to pay attention to information consistent with one’s existing beliefs and ignore or discard information inconsistent with their beliefs

Question 30

System 1 Thinking:

Answer 30

relies on emotional systems and stored experiences to guide thinking

Question 31

System 2 Thinking:

Answer 31

relies on logical, rational thinking