Module 3: Language and Thought Flashcards
Although Koshik the elephant was mimicking his caregivers, he isn’t demonstrating what?
Productivity
Productivity:
The creation of new messages. Humans can connect unrelated information to form new ideas or messages.
Grammar
The general rules of language
Syntax
Structure and order of words within a language
Birth - 3 months?
Making cooing and gurgling sounds
4 - 6 months?
Crying expressively, responding to his name and making early vowel and consonant sounds
7 - 18 months?
Copy hand gestures and gestures meaningfully by pointing. Responding to simple commands
2 - 3 years?
Able to match objects to names. Uses full, 2-4 word sentences to communicate
4 - 5 years?
Correctly using simple grammar rules. Uses full sentences to tell short stories.
Who defined speech as verbal behaviour?
B.F Skinner
B.F Skinner used theories of :
Operant Conditioning
Nature:
Chomsky
Nurture:
B.F Skinner
Chomsky argues that:
Our brains appear to be ready to acquire language
Critical period?
A theoretical stage in development when it is necessary for children to receive environmental stimulation in order to promote healthy development
Sensitive period?
Throughout development, the neurological system is more malleable during early development but is still modifiable later in life with the proper environmental stimulation.
Broca’s area:
controls motor production of speech
Wernicke’s area:
contribute to the comprehension of language
Broca’s aphasia:
Difficulty with the motor production of language. Also known as non-fluent aphasia.
Wernicke’s aphasia:
A patient has intact physical production of speech, but communication lacks meaning. Also known as fluent aphasia.
prosody
speech patterns or melody of speech
mental lexicon
The storage of words and related concepts
Phonemes
The smallest sound unit of language
Morphemes
The smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning
Semantic
the meaning of a word
Heuristics
The smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning
Means-end heuristic
A problem-solving strategy which involves the problem solver to envision the desired, goal-state, and take whatever measures necessary to attain that goal
Representative heuristic
A problem-solving strategy which involves the problem solver mentally comparing something to our stored prototype of an event, object, or person
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to pay attention to information consistent with one’s existing beliefs and ignore or discard information inconsistent with their beliefs
System 1 Thinking:
relies on emotional systems and stored experiences to guide thinking
System 2 Thinking:
relies on logical, rational thinking
