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A Periodic table, elements and physical chemistry PM 13th June > Module 3 Keywords > Flashcards

Module 3 Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Periodicity

A

The repeating trends in properties of the elements

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2
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove an electron from each atom in one gaseous mole of an element to make one gaseous mole of 1+ ions

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3
Q

Second ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove an electron from each ion in one gaseous mole of 1+ ions an to make one gaseous mole of 2+ ions

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4
Q

Metallic bond

A

Electrostatic force of attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive metal cation

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5
Q

Covalent bond

A

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

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6
Q

Ionic bond

A

Electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

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7
Q

Reducing agent

A

A reagent that gives electrons to another species, reducing that species

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8
Q

Oxidising reagent

A

A reagent that takes electrons from another species, oxidising that species

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9
Q

Reduction

A

Gain

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10
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss

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11
Q

Disproportionate reaction

A

When the same element is both ox and red

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12
Q

The chemical system

A

Atoms molecules or ions making up the chemicals

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13
Q

System

A

Chemicals, the reactants and products

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14
Q

Surroundings

A

The apparatus the lab and everything tat isn’t the chemical system

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15
Q

Universe

A

Everything. Both the surrounding and the universe

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16
Q

Exothermic

A 
When the energy released making new bonds is larger than the energy absorbed breaking the old bonds
Negative delta h
Chemical system loses energy
Surroundings gains energy
Temperature of surroundings increase
17
Q

Endothermic

A 
When the energy released making new bonds is smaller than the energy absorbed breaking the old bonds.
Positive delta h
Chemical system gains energy
Surroundings loose energy
Temperature of surroundings decrease
18
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum energy required to initiate a reaction by the breaking of bonds

19
Q

Standard conditions

A

Standard pressure of 100Kpa
Standard temperature of 298K
Standard concentration (for solutions only) 1moldm3
Standard state

20
Q

Standard state

A

Physical state of a substance under standard conditions of 100Kpa and 298K

21
Q

Standard enthalpy change of reaction

A

The enthalpy change that accompanies a reaction in the molar quantities shown in the chemical equation under standard conditions with all products and reactants in their standard states

22
Q

SECF

A

The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions with all products and reactants in their standard states

23
Q

SECC

A

The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance is reacts completely in excess oxygen under standard conditions with all products and reactants in their standard states

24
Q

SECN

A

The enthalpy change that accompanies the reaction of an acid by a base to make one mole of water under standard conditions with all products and reactants in their standard states

25
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The temperature required to raise 1g of a substance by 1K

26
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

The energy required to break one mole of a specified type of bond in a gaseous molecule.

*value depends on chemical environment

27
Q

Rate of reaction

A

The change in concentration of the product or reactants in a given time

28
Q

Homogeneous catalyst

A

Is in the same physical state as the REACTANTS

29
Q

Heterogeneous catalyst

A

Is in a different physical state as the REACTANTS

30
Q

Adsorption

A

Substance is weakly bonded to the surface of the catalyst

31
Q

Desorption

A

Product molecules leave the surface of the catalyst

32
Q

Absorption

A

Substance is weakly bonded within the the catalyst

33
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Closed system
Concentrations are constant
Rates are equal

34
Q

Catalyst

A

Provides an alternate pathway for the reaction to happen with a lower activation energy, increasing the proportion of molecules with sufficient energy to react.

A Periodic table, elements and physical chemistry PM 13th June (14 decks)

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