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psych module 3 > module 3- infancy > Flashcards

module 3- infancy Flashcards

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1
Q

why do adults typically care for babies

A

babies evoke nursing responses from healthy adults

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2
Q

how do reflexes help an infant

A

protection or get an early start on motor skills

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3
Q

when do infant reflexes go away

A

when they are no longer needed

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4
Q

what can lingerie reflexes mean

A

indicates possible brain damage

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5
Q

what are the 4 key infant reflexes

A

rooting, moro, stepping, grasping

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6
Q

what is rooting and its purpose

A

turns head when mouth/cheek is touched towards finger

- aids feeding, find things to suck

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7
Q

what is moro reflex and its purpose

A

startle response - arch back, throws limbs out

- wants to grab for protection (like youre falling)

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8
Q

what is stepping reflex and its purpose

A

step motions when held above the ground

- helps future motor development

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9
Q

what is grasping reflex and its purpose

A

grips object when placed in palm (palmer grip)

- aids motor development

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10
Q

what happens to survival value skills

A

typically become voluntary (swallowing, breathing, sucking)

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11
Q

what are primitive skills and what typically happens to them

A

leftovers from evolution that usually disappear (moro and grasping)

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12
Q

what can reflexes show

A

normal brain activity

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13
Q

how much does an infant sleep

A

16-18 hours a day (most of the day)

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14
Q

what happens to sleep at 6 weeks old

A

sleep patterns begin forming (either REM or nREM)

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15
Q

what happens to sleep before 6 weeks

A

sleeping is irregular (lots of REM)

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16
Q

what is nREM sleep

A

regular sleep (motionless, increases as baby gets older)

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17
Q

what is REM sleep

A

irregular sleep (uneven breathing, half of their sleep pattern)

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18
Q

what type of sleep do infants start in

A

REM sleep (adults start in nREM)

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19
Q

what are the 2 other infant states

A

drowsiness and crying (peaks at 6 weeks)

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20
Q

how to soothe a crying baby (5 s’s)

A

swaddling, side/stomach position, swinging, shushing sound, sucking

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21
Q

what does swaddling do

A

limits overstimulation to their senses

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22
Q

what does swinging do

A

soothing motion (mimics the womb)

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23
Q

what do shushing sounds do

A

calming sound/white noise (womb wasn’t quiet)

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24
Q

why is touch good for infants

A

early brain/physical development (releases endorphins to calm them down)

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25
Q

what is a misconception about babies sleeping

A

they don’t always like quiet/alone places (uterus was loud)

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26
Q

how to find out what soothes your baby

A

trial and error

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27
Q

what is Piagets cognitive development theory

A

shows how kids change their thinking process overtime (sensorimotor stage)

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28
Q

what are Piagets 6 stages of development

A

reflexes, first habits/primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circulation, tertiary circular, internalization of schemas

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29
Q

stage 1 - reflexes

A

building block for motor/cognitive development (automatic at first, then becomes intentional)

30
Q

stage 2 - first habits/primary circular reactions

A

on purpose and self focused

  • discover habits and use repetitively (behavior becomes habit)
  • only use their own bodies (no tools)
31
Q

stage 3 - secondary circular reactions

A

on purpose, focus on external world

  • mobile and uses tools (learns how rattle sounds when shook)
  • create mental representations (schemas)
32
Q

stage 4 - coordination of secondary circulation

A

more motor cognition, goal directed

  • real play (intentional use of things)
  • knows what they want and tries to get it
33
Q

stage 5 - tertiary circular

A

involves experimentation, multiple behaviors

  • repeat what they like, avoid what they don’t
  • ex. bang two toys together (coordination)
34
Q

stage 6- internalization of schemas

A

think about events without doing them (internal representation)

  • object permeance
  • helps with language development
35
Q

what is object permeance

A

thinking/understanding an object without seeing it

- ex) peek a boo

36
Q

what are the 2 types of growth sequence

A

cephalocaudal and proximodistal

37
Q

what do growth sequences do

A

help understand what typical patterns of growth to expect

38
Q

what is cephalocaudal growth sequence

A

growth starts at the head then goes down

  • brain/skull are the primary spots of growth (limbs are primary later)
  • most rapid/dynamic period of brain development
39
Q

what happens to your brain when you are 2 years old

A

brain thickens with dendrites

40
Q

what happens at 24 weeks (brain video)

A

vital organs of fetus are formed (brain almost full complement)

41
Q

how does the brain know exactly what to do

A

it follows specially coded genetic blue prints

- ex. phone call to a specific person/location

42
Q

what happens to connections if they are used or not used

A

used: they are strengthened, not used: they are lost

- use it or lose it (pruning)

43
Q

what is learning all about

A

connection

44
Q

do young kids or adults have more connections

A

young kids

- 2x amount of adults

45
Q

what is overproduction in the brain

A

infants have more connections than they need at first

46
Q

what is the critical period for info and development

A

if we don’t learn info at certain time spans, brain may not develop properly

47
Q

what is proximodistal growth sequence

A

growth starts in the center then moves away

- starts at trunk then to limbs

48
Q

what develops first in proximodistal growth (gross or fine)

A

gross motor before fine motor

49
Q

what is the primary goal of socioemotional development

A

developing close bonds with care givers

50
Q

what are the 2 topics in socioemotional development

A

attachment theory and temperament

51
Q

what is the attachment theory

A

In order to have normal relationships later in life, infants need attachment to at least 1 person

52
Q

who were the 3 researchers on attachment theory

A

John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth, Jerome Kagan

53
Q

what was John Bowlby’s theory

A

attachment takes a while, separation anxiety peaks at this age, infants have attachment behaviors

54
Q

what are some attachment behaviors

A

crying, searching, reaching, and following their parent (healthy behaviors)

55
Q

what was Mary Ainsworth’s theory

A

the strange situation study (put kids without mom to see what happens when with strangers

56
Q

what is secure

A

typical reaction when apart from mom, concern of stranger (65%)

57
Q

what is avoidant

A

anxious, when mom comes back they don’t run right to her (20%)

58
Q

what is resistant

A

when mom is back, kids hit or resist, are anxious (10-15%)

59
Q

What is disorganized

A

out of it, mentally not well with anyone even mom (5-10% can show abuse)

60
Q

what is the pop psych idea

A

that parents don’t always have to stay with their kids

61
Q

what behavior comes from positivity and love

A

secure

62
Q

what behavior comes from unloved and rejection

A

avoidant

63
Q

what behavior comes from anger and confusion

A

resistant

64
Q

what was Jerome Kagan theory

A

that nature v. nurture plays a role, parents always at faults for attachment issues

65
Q

what is an example of parents not being at fault for over or under attachment

A

autistic kid may not show secure attachment even if mom is responsive

66
Q

what is temperament

A

behavioral style and emotional response

-foundation for adult personality

67
Q

what is an easy kid

A

easily establish routines, adaptive to change (40%)

68
Q

what is a difficult kid

A

hard to have schedules, unpredictable mood, don’t adapt well, cry a lot (10%)

69
Q

what is a slow to warm up kid

A

rather inactive, appear difficult first then mood slowly improves (15%)

70
Q

what are some factors the affect attachment

A

opportunity, quality of care, infant qualities, family circumstances

psych module 3 (1 decks)

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