Module 3 History 255 Flashcards
Articles of Confederation failures
Very weak
No means of enforcement
Ordinance of 1784
A territory could become a state when the population equaled the smallest state
Land Ordinance 0f 1785
Created township for western lands
Six square miles split in 36 blocks
And the 16th was reserved for schools
Northwest ordinance of 1787
Dealt with a government of territores
Set up the process for them to become states
Said only 3-5 could be made from that area
England had no respect
Refused to send representative to the US
Did very little trade with them
Had trading post in the great lakes and maintained relationships with Natives in Ohio Valley
Spain was not friendly
Was not friendly
Controlled the mouth of Mississippi
Closed it to the Americans in 1784
Shays’ Rebellion
In Massachusetts but heavy taxes on farmers/poor to pay debt of wealthy business men
Farmers get upset and organize lead by Daniel Shayes
Milita came out and dispersed the men
Constitutional Convention
The Philidelphia convention becomes the constitutional
Its purpose was to fix the articles of confederation
James Madison
will be the driving force behind the Constitution because he is the writer comes up with Virginia plan
Said we needed two houses and both needed to be based on state population
New Jersey Plan
One house with equal representation
But he also wants congress to tax and regulate trade
The Great Compromise
Creates Bicameral Legislature
The lower house is the House representatives
Based on population and helps the big states
The upper house is called the Senate
Representatives were chosen by election and served for
two years
Senators are chosen by state legislatures and serve for
6 years
Population becomes an issue because of slaves so we get the
3/5ths compromise
Executive Branch
Executive was elected every 4 years
Could veto acts of congress
Was the commander in cheif
Enforced laws
Could appoint officals and judges and have to give a yearly report
Legislative branch
Makes the laws
⅔ vote could override a veto
They determine peace or war
Judicial Branch
They have the legality of congressional acts from states and national
To Approve or to Not Approve
The founding fathers knew they could get vote
Need ¾ vote
Federalist=
wealthy, conservative, strong central government
Anti-federalist
small farmer, fronteirsmen, weak central government
New Hampshire
In june of 1788, new hampshire gave a critical vote
All of the states eventually agreed
New york City
New york became the capital of the new government
When did the article of confedaration stop?
On Octovber 10th, 1788, the articles of confederation finally closed their business
How many votes with George W get?
69
How many votes did John Adams get?
34
The Cabinet
Thomas jefferson first secretary of state
Alexander Hamilton first secretary of state
Henry Knox was first secretary of war
Judiciary Act of 1789
Edmund Randolph was first attorney general
John James chief justice of supreme court
It created the federal court system
Some states only ratified the constitution because promise of bill of rights.
What did the bill of rights do?
Establishes rights of the people in the states
1-Free speech, religion
2-rights to bare arms
10-Power not given to government is reserved to the states
Who aided Washington during the war?
Carbbiean
Reports on public credit
Assume all debts from revolutionary war
He knew the government needed to get stronger
He belived nation debt would do that 2 ways
Taxes used to pay debt shows powers of government
Repaying debt would help national relations
Compromise of 1790
Federal government gets the debt but the new national capital will be in the south
National bank-1791
Private institution but the government-owned most of it
Print paper money
Loose vs Strict interpretation
If the constitution didnt forbid it then it isnt illegal\
He uses nessary and proper clause
Report on Manufactures
Outline how hamilton wanted the country to develop
He wanted to get nation that had strong manufacture commerce
What party was Jefferson and Madison
Democratic-Republican
What party was Jefferson
Federalist
What did federalist like
Rule by the best people,Lead by Alexander,Strong federal government
Strong navy,Loose interpretation of constitution
Governement should help,Pro British
Nation Debt was good
Wanted National bank
Most were wealthy established people like shippers and manufactures
What do Dem Repub like
Lead by Jeff and Madison,Rules by the informed masses,Strong states government
Weak navy(no conquering),Strict interpretation of constitution
N favors to business’
Pro french
French Revolution-1789
At first americans support because they are getting rid of their monarch
Quickly went bad with many getting killed
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
Ham and Jeff likes this but differ on how to carry it out
US wants to stay away from war
Citizen Genet
But while he’s here he starts the problem by recruiting for the army and navy
British Problems-Jays Treaty
Only pay back debt of impressment and goods after war
Spanish Luck-Pinckney’s Treaty
They were helping southern indians
They start to pay less attention to whats happening in Americans
Gave access to mississippi river and settles disputes about southern border at the 31st parallel
Whiskey Rebellion-1794
Hamilton put out a big tax on liquor
This upset frontiers men because it was a big cashcrop for them
After how many terms does GW leave?
After two terms
Washington’s farewell address
He acknowledges the positives with each political party but warned of what the divison could cause
He warned of what could happen if you form terminate allaince
Adams vs Jefferson
John adams win 71-68 but Jefferson is vice president
XYZ Affair
French start attacking American ships
They said they would kill any american found on british ship too.
Finally, they are told before any negotiating are to be held, they would have to pay a 250000 bribe
The americans are outraged by this and wanted a war
John Marshall
leads the group that discusses with france
Quasi War-1798-1800
We capture French ships and renounce the treaty of alliance
Adam uses this to build up navy
Naval Build up
Went from 5 naval ships to 30
Charles Talleyrand
So the french minister Charles Talleyrand ask for americans to come back so we can talk more but by the time the americans get to paris Talleyrand is out of office
Napolean Bonoaparte
is in power and he talks with the americans and we get the end of Quasi War and the treaty of alliance because hes focused on great britian
Alien Act
Alien deporte during war or peace time at the discrestion of the president
They did this because of votes
Sedation Act
Sedation would be fined or arrested if you did anything to the government. You could not Riot or public negative material about the government
The process to become US citizen from 5 year to 14 years
Kentucky and Virgina Resolutions
The states created constitutions so the states decide if laws are legal or not
Federalist say people are who created it
Fights in the Legislature
The resolutions lead to fights. Griswold defends attack with tong and Lyon uses a cain
Aaron Burr
We get a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
It will eventually be settled in the house of representatives
12th Amendment
-one vote for two(president and vise president)
Judiciary Act of 1801
They passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which created plateria of judge positions
John Peickerate
because he was kind of crazy
Samuel Chase
and this is bad because his only crime was being a federalist so it doesnt work.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury was a midnight appointment
But his paperwork was not delivered under adams
Now James Madison is the secretary of state and it is his job to deliver this stuff
Marbury sues Madison
Madison WINS
Barbary Pirates/Tripolitan War
Jefferson sent a small navy to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli
But, that navy was too weak and ended up paying tribute til 1815.
Louisiana Purchase-1803-Treaty of San Ildenfonso
Napoleon restored glory to France
a secret treaty between Napoleon and Spain called Treaty of San Ildefonso
Touissant L’Ouverture
Leader of slave revolt
Lewis and Clark
Sent by Jefferson to explore the territories
They travel over 8000 miles
Start in st lewis and end in the Pacific
This would later give claim to Oregon territory
What does burr want
Put NY with New Hampshire
Who kills Hamilton?
Burr kills Hamilton in a brawl
Chesapeake Affair
We get big problems because British ship the Leopard stops the Chespeake of the coast
British killed 3 and wounded 10
Embargo Act of 1807
We would trade with nobody and no country
In 1809, Jefferson repeals the embargo act and put in non-intercourse act
Non-Intercourse Act
This opens trade with all countries expect britain and france
Macon’s Bill #2
Reopens trade with Britian and France
but if one starts respecting our rights first we would favor them
Tecumseh
Problem with natives in west and south
Shawnee Techumseh realizes that the natives need to unite before they lose everything
He is mainly went to Indian territory to the south to build up his Indian confederation
Battle of Tippecanoe
William Henry Harrison will lead men against the natives and win in battle of tippecanoe
Battle of Thames
Tecumseh was not there but he returns to fights and battle at Thames and will die in 1813
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
