Module 3 content

Question 1

What is the difference between ability and capability

Answer 1

Ability is a stable enduring trait, Capability is a function of practice and refers to the fact that a single performance cannot reflect skill level underlying the performance

Question 2

Is motor learning directly observable?

Answer 2

no, infered from changes in performance

Question 3

Process goals focus on

Answer 3

quality of movement

Question 4

Product goals focus on

Answer 4

end result of an activity

Question 5

Constant error utilizes the mode, median, or mean?

Answer 5

mean

Question 6

measurement of accuracy uses ______ error

Answer 6

constant

Question 7

measurement of inconsistency uses _______ error

Answer 7

variable

Question 8

Measurement of dispersion uses _______

Answer 8

Standard deviation

Question 9

What is the mean in a standard deviation

Answer 9

0

Question 10

What are the principles of practice

Answer 10

repetition
Specificity
Learning and performance

Question 11

What are perceptual skills

Answer 11

when you practice a specific skill, you are also enhancing perceptual processing of the specific features of that skill

Question 12

Reducing the amount of attention needed for a skill through practice is changing your _______

Answer 12

Attention capacity

Question 13

What is effector competition

Answer 13

practice can reduce the interference experienced by two limbs performing bimanual tasks

Question 14

Fitts stages of learning

Answer 14

Stage 1 - Cognitive
Stage 2 - Fixation
Stage 3 - Autonomous

Question 15

Bernstein’s Stages of Learning

Answer 15

Stage 1 - reduce degrees of freedom
Stage 2 - Release degrees of freedom
Stage 3 - Exploit passive dynamics

Question 16

components of passive dynamics

Answer 16

muscle elasticity
body momentum
gravity

Question 17

Are discrete or continuous tasks forgotten more quickly?

Answer 17

Discrete

Question 18

Warm up decrement is _________

Answer 18

where we need some time to warm up before optimal performance can be obtained

Question 19

similarity in relation to skill transfer is

Answer 19

the idea that the more similarities two skills have, the more transfer will occur from learning one to perform the other

Question 20

What kind of practice is effective for serial skills of long duration

Answer 20

part practice

Question 21

Part practice is not effective for

Answer 21

skills where the performance on one part of the task affects the performance on another

Question 22

In what situations are simulators important

Answer 22

skills are expensive and dangerous
facilities are limited
real practice is not possible

Question 23

What are the two types of fidelity simulators nees

Answer 23

physical and psychological

Question 24

3 things motivated performers do

Answer 24

devote more effort
practice more seriously
have longer practice sessions

Question 25

Intrinsic motivation is determined by

Answer 25

autonomy competence relatedness

Question 26

What is augmented feedback

Answer 26

information provided to the learner from an external source

Question 27

massed practice

Answer 27

practice scheduled with short rest periods

Question 28

Distributed practice

Answer 28

practice schedule with long rest periods between trials

Question 29

Type of practice best for discrete tasks

Answer 29

massed practice

Question 30

Type of practice best for continuous task

Answer 30

depends on the scenario | more rest means more effective learning but less efficiency

Question 31

What is schema

Answer 31

sets of rules

Question 32

What is schema theory

Answer 32

we learn general motor programs by learning sets of rules relating to surface features and parameters

Question 33

Schema theory solves which two problems

Answer 33

storage and novelty problem

Question 34

constant practice

Answer 34

practicing a single member or class of movements

Question 35

variable practice

Answer 35

practicing several members of classes of movement

Question 36

what practice is better for performance during acquisition

Answer 36

constant and blocked

Question 37

What practice has better performance during transfer test

Answer 37

variable

Question 38

what practice has better performance after retention

Answer 38

depends on situation for variable and constant but random is better than blocked

Question 39

blocked practice

Answer 39

many trials of one task completed before moving on to another

Question 40

Random practice

Answer 40

several different tasks completed in random order

Question 41

Elaboration hypothesis

Answer 41

frequent task changes forces the learner to make them more distinct, making them more meaningful and better remembered

Question 42

Forgetting hypothesis

Answer 42

frequent task change causes new motor solutions to be generated each time task is newly encountered. performance is low during acquisition but better retained.

Question 43

contingency schedules

Answer 43

the success of the learner informs when the task is changed

Question 44

intrinsic feedback

Answer 44

provided as a natural consequence of making an action

Question 45

Knowledge of results

Answer 45

augmented, usually verbal info about the success of an action with respect to the intended goal

Question 46

knowledge of performance

Answer 46

kinematic feedback about the movement pattern just made

Question 47

summary vs average feedback

Answer 47

summary is given after a series of trials with info about each attempt Average is given after a series of trials with info about the average performance in the series

Question 48

faded feedback

Answer 48

feedback quantity decreases as skill level increases

Question 49

bandwidth feedback

Answer 49

feedback only when error exeeds a preset tolerance level

Question 50

goldilocks zone for bandwidth feedback

Answer 50

10%

Question 51

absolute feedback frequency

Answer 51

total number of feedback presentations for a series of attempts

Question 52

relative feedback frequency

Answer 52

the proportion of attempts for which feedback is given

Question 53

instantaneous feedback vs delayed feedback

Answer 53

instantaneous is immediately given after trial completion, delayed is given several seconds of more after trial

Question 54

four function of feedback

Answer 54

motivational reinforcement informational dependence

Question 55

descriptive feedback

Answer 55

describes the error made during the performance of a skill

Question 56

prescriptive feedback

Answer 56

error description and suggestion for error correction

Question 57

descriptive feedback is better for novice or skilled

Answer 57

skilled

Question 58

prescriptive feedback is better for novice or skilled

Answer 58

novice

Question 59

2 categories of technology

Answer 59

a novel invention | an existing product used in a novel way

Question 60

three characteristics of robots

Answer 60

autonomous machine cabable of sensing its environment carrying out computations to make decisions performing actions in real world