Module 3: Conceptual Models (Part 2)

Question 1

Concepts & their relationships that specify a perspective & produce evidence among phenomena specific to the discipline

Answer 1

Conceptual Models

Question 2

Addresses broad meta paradigm concepts

Answer 2

Conceptual Models

Question 3

Provide perspectives with different foci for critical thinking/theory development

Answer 3

Conceptual Models

Question 4

“Theory is an abstraction that implies prediction based in research without some theoretical basis will not build scientific knowledge for a discipline”.

Answer 4

Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 5

> Born January 30, 1923 in West Point, Iowa
Died December 24, 2007 in St. Petersburg,
Florida

Answer 5

Imogene M. King

Question 6

Received diploma in Nursing from St. John‘s Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri (1945)

Answer 6

Imogene M. King

Question 7

> Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education from St. Louis University (1948)
Master of Science in Nursing (1957)
Instructor & Assistant Director at St. John’s
Hospital School of Nursing (1947- 1958)
Dissertation Chair at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York & received her EdD (1961)
First theory article appeared in the Journal Nursing Science (1964)

Answer 7

Imogene M. King

Question 8

> Assistant Chief of Research Grants Branch
Division of Nursing at US Department of Health,
Education (1966 & 1968)
Book “Toward a Theory for Nursing: General Concepts of
Human Behavior was published (1971)
“A systematic representation of nutrsing is required ultimately for developing a science to
accompany a century or more of art in the everyday world of nursing”.
Director of the School of Nursing at Ohio State
University Columbus (1968-1972)

Answer 8

Imogene M. King

Question 9

> Member of the Defense Advisory Committee on
Women in ward 2 of Wood Dale, Illinois(1975-
1979)
Awarded Honorary PhD from Southern Illinois University (Mesmer, 2000)
Honorary Doctorate from Loyola University where her “Nursing Collection” is housed
Coordinator of Research in Clinical Nursing at
the Loyola Medical Center Department of
Nursing (1978-1980)

Answer 9

Imogene M. King

Question 10

> Inducted into the FNA Hall of Fame & ANA Hall
of Fame (2004)
Fellow Virginia Henderson of Sigma Theta Tau
International (STTI) Elizabeth Russell Belford
Founders Award for Excellence in Education ( 1989)
Named an AAN Living Legend (2005)
Received Jessie M. Scott Award (1996)

Answer 10

Imogene M. King

Question 11

Methods of Developing Theory - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Answer 11

1. Theory can be developed and then
   tested in research
2. Research provides data from which
   theory may be developed

Question 12

Conceptual System of Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Answer 12

What is the goal of nursing?

What are the functions of nurses?

How can nurses continue to expand their knowledge to provide quality care?

Question 13

“Dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal & external environment

Answer 13

Health - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 14

“Process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby nurses share information about their perceptions in the nursing situation”

Answer 14

Nursing - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 15

“Composite of thoughts and feelings which constitute a person’s awareness of his/her individual existence

Answer 15

Self - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 16

Observable behavior found in the health care systems in society. Goal is to maintain their health so they can function in their roles.

Answer 16

Nursing - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 17

Spiritual beings; they have the ability through their language and other symbols to record their history & preserve their culture. Capable of rational thinking & decision-making .

Answer 17

Person - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 18

Dynamic state in life cycle, whereas illness interferes with the process. Implies continuous continuous adjustment to stress in the internal &
external environment

Answer 18

Health - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 19

Interactions occur constantly between systems & the systems environment

Answer 19

Environment - Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 20

_________________________ focuses on the interpersonal system and the interactions that take place between individuals, specifically in the NURSE-PATIENT relationship.

Answer 20

Theory of goal attainment

Question 21

______________ is based on nurse’s assessment of client’s concern, problems & disturbances in health

Answer 21

Mutual goal setting

Question 22

Contributed to the advancement of nursing knowledge through the development of her

Answer 22

Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 23

Focused on all aspects of the nursing process.

Answer 23

Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment (Imogene M. King)

Question 24

“The use of models has changed the face of nursing and I think at this point in time we have enough validation and verifications of their importance”

Answer 24

Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 25

>Completed her initial nursing education with double honors at People‘s Hospital School of Nursing at Akron, Ohio (1947) >Baccalaureate degree in Public Health and Psychology with honors (1957) & Master‘s degree in mental health (1966)

Answer 25

Betty Neuman

Question 26

>Completed Doctoral degree in clinical psychology at Pacific Western University (1985) >Published her model during the early 1970‘s 1st edition of the Neuman Systems Model: Application to Nursing Education & Practice was published (1982)

Answer 26

Betty Neuman

Question 27

>Fellow of the American Association of Marriage & Family Therapy & American Academy of Nursing.

Answer 27

Betty Neuman

Question 28

Theoretical Sources of Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Answer 28

Gestalt theory Philosophical views of de Chardin and Marx Selye‘s definition of stress

Question 29

clients are viewed as wholes whose parts are in dynamic interaction

Answer 29

Wholistic Approach

Question 30

continuous flow of input and process, output & feedback

Answer 30

Open System

Question 31

client as a system exchanges energy, information & matter with the environment

Answer 31

Process/Function

Question 32

Matter, energy & information that are exchanged between the client & the environment

Answer 32

Input/Output - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 33

System output; serves as a feedback for future input for corrective action to change, enhance, or stabilize the system

Answer 33

Feedback - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 34

Process of energy conservation that increases organization & complexity moving the system toward stability

Answer 34

Negentrophy - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 35

Dynamic & desirable state of balance in which energy exchanges can take place without disruption of the character of the system

Answer 35

Stability - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 36

Consists of both internal & external forces surrounding the client

Answer 36

Environment - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 37

Developed unconsciously by the client to express system wholeness symbolically

Answer 37

Created Environment - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 38

Composite of 5 variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, & spiritual)

Answer 38

Client System - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 39

The client as a system is composed of a central core surrounded by concentric rings

Answer 39

Basic Structure - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 40

Represents resource factors that help the client defend against a stressor

Answer 40

Lines of Resistance - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 41

Outer solid circle. It represents the adaptational level of health developed over the course of time & serves as a standard by which to measure wellness deviation determination

Answer 41

Normal Line of Defense - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 42

“Models outer broken ring” Protective buffer preventing stressors from breaking through the usual wellness state

Answer 42

Flexible line of defense - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 43

Continuum of wellness to illness dynamic in nature that is constantly subject to change

Answer 43

Health - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 44

Stable condition in which system subparts are in harmony with the whole system

Answer 44

Wellness - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 45

Opposite end of continuum from wellness & represents instability & energy depletion

Answer 45

Illness - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 46

Environmental factors that have potential for disrupting system stability

Answer 46

Stressors - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 47

Degree of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the normal line of defense

Answer 47

Degree of reaction - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 48

Purposeful actions to help the client retain, attain, or maintain system stability

Answer 48

Prevention as Intervention - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 49

Prevention - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Answer 49

Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Reconstitution

Question 50

Reduce possibility of encounter with stressors Strengthen flexible line of defense

Answer 50

Primary prevention - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 51

Early case finding and Treatment of symptoms

Answer 51

Secondary prevention - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 52

Readaptation Reeducation to prevent future occurrences Maintenance of stability

Answer 52

Tertiary prevention - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 53

Could begin at any degree or level of reaction Range of possibility may extend beyond normal line of defense

Answer 53

Reconstitution - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 54

Unique profession in that it is concerned with all of the variables affecting client’s in their environment.

Answer 54

Nursing - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 55

May be an individual, family, group, community, or social issue.

Answer 55

Person - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 56

“Wellness model” Continuum from wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature & is constantly changing.

Answer 56

Health - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 57

Internal & external forces surrounding the client, influencing & being influenced by the client.

Answer 57

Environment - Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 58

> Focused on a client as a system (includes five variables), as an individual, family, group, or community, and on client’s responses to stressors.

Answer 58

Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 59

Proposes three levels of nursing intervention (primary, secondary & tertiary prevention)

Answer 59

Systems Model (Betty Neuman)

Question 60

“God is intimately revealed in the diversity of creation and is common destiny of creation; persons use human creative abilities of awareness, enlightenment, and faith; and persons are accountable for the process of deriving, sustaining, and transforming the universe”.

Answer 60

Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 61

>Member of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondolet >Born October 14, 1939 in LA >Completed Bachelor’s degree in Nursing from Mount Saint Mary’s College in LA (1966) >Masters & Doctorate degree in sociology from the University of California (1973 & 1977)

Answer 61

Sister Callista Roy

Question 62

Roy’s adaptation model was first presented in the ________________________: ”Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework for Nursing”. (1970) >Associate Professor & chairperson of the Department of Nursing at Mount Saint Mary‘s College (1982)

Answer 62

literature in Nursing Outlook

Question 63

>Rank professor at Mount Saint Mary’s College & University of Portland, Oregon (1983) >Robert Wood Postdoctoral fellow at the University of California (1983-1985) >Member, Sigma Theta Tau & received the National Founder’s award for excellence (1981)

Answer 63

Sister Callista Roy

Question 64

> Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Averno College (1984) > American Journal Nursing award for Essentials of the Roy Adaptation Model (1986) >Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing (1978)

Answer 64

Sister Callista Roy

Question 65

Theoretical Sources of Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Answer 65

Harry Helson’s adaptation theory Rapoport’s Dohrenwend, Lazarus, Mechanic & Selye

Question 66

Sets of parts connected to function as a whole

Answer 66

System - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 67

Constantly changing point

Answer 67

Adaptation Level - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 68

Difficulties related to the indicators of positive adaptation areas of concern for the nurse

Answer 68

Adaptation problems - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 69

Major coping process involving 4 cognitive-emotive channels

Answer 69

Cognator Subsystem - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 70

4 cognitive-emotive channels

Answer 70

perceptual information processing learning judgment emotion

Question 71

Those that promote integrity in terms of the goals of human systems

Answer 71

Adaptive responses - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 72

Those that do not contribute to integrity in terms of the goals of the human system

Answer 72

Ineffective responses - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 73

Adaptation levels at which the structures & functions of a life process are working as a whole to meet human needs

Answer 73

Integrated Life process - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 74

Associated with physical & chemical processes involved in the function & activities of living organisms 5 needs identified

Answer 74

Physiological-Physical mode - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 75

Five Needs - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Answer 75

Oxygenation Nutrition Elimination Activity Rest

Question 76

Focuses on the psychological & spiritual aspects of the human system

Answer 76

Self-concept group identity mode - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 77

Focuses on the roles the person occupies in the society

Answer 77

Role function mode - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 78

Roles the person occupies in the society

Answer 78

Primary role Secondary role Tertiary role

Question 79

Willingness & ability to give to others and accept from them aspects of all that one has to offer

Answer 79

Interdependence mode - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 80

Interpretation of a stimulus and the conscious appreciation of it

Answer 80

Perception - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 81

Health care profession that focuses on human life processes and patterns and emphasizes promotion of health for individuals, families, groups, and society as a whole.

Answer 81

Nursing - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 82

Holistic, adaptive systems: whole parts that function as a unity for some purpose.

Answer 82

Person - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 83

State & a process of being and becoming integrated and a whole person. Reflection of adaptation

Answer 83

Health - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 84

All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons or groups.

Answer 84

Environment - Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 85

Persons are adaptive systems and the focus of nursing

Answer 85

Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 86

Internal & external environment consists of all phenomena that surround the human adaptive system and affect their development and behavior

Answer 86

Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 87

Environment is a source of stimuli that either threaten or promote a person ’ s existence

Answer 87

Adaptation Model (Sister Callista Roy)

Question 88

“All of us scientists and practicing professionals, must turn our attention to practice and ask questions of that practice. We must be inquisitive and inquiring, seeking the fullest and truest possible understanding of the theoretical and practical problems we encounter ” .

Answer 88

Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 89

>Born August 21, 1919 in Savannah, Georgia Died: February 1999 (80 y/o) >Received Associate ’s degree from Armstrong Junior College (1938) >BS degree from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee (1942) >Masters in Public Health from Harvard University (1948)

Answer 89

Dorothy Johnson

Question 90

> Instructor & Assistant professor in Pediatric Nursing at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing >Pediatric Nursing advisor assigned to the Christian Medical College School of Nursing in Vellore, South India >Chairperson, California Nurses Association (1965-1967)

Answer 90

Dorothy Johnson

Question 91

Theoretical Sources of Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Answer 91

Florence Nightingale Parson's Social Action Theory Rapoport, Chin et.al Systems theory

Question 92

Output of intraorganismic structures & processes

Answer 92

Behavior - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 93

is a whole that functions as a whole by virtue of the interdependence of its parts

Answer 93

System - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 94

Patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving

Answer 94

Behavioral System - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 95

Minisystems with its own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship top the other subsystems or the environment is not disturbed

Answer 95

Subsystem - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 96

Goal is to maintain and restore the person ’ s behavioral system balance and stability to help the person achieve a more optimum level of balance & functioning.

Answer 96

Nursing - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 97

Behavioral system with patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving that link the person with the environment. *Balance is essential for effective and efficient functioning of the person

Answer 97

Person - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 98

Elusive, dynamic state influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Answer 98

Health - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 99

Source of the sustenance imperatives of protection, nurturance, and stimulation that are necessary prerequisites to maintain health.

Answer 99

Environment - Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 100

Structural components of the behavioral system describe how individuals are motivated to obtain specific goals using the individual’ s predisposition to act in certain ways.

Answer 100

Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)

Question 101

Imbalance and instability in the behavioral system occur when tension and stressors affect the relationship of the subsystems or the internal & external environments.

Answer 101

Behavioral System Model (Dorothy Johnson)