Module 3 (Chapter 5): Socialization Flashcards
24/09-26/09
What is socialization?
Socialization is the process of learning through social interaction, influenced by factors like gender, ethnicity, and social class.
What is the difference between the biological and environmental approaches to human behaviour?
Biological (Nature): Actions stem from genetics and biology.
Environmental (Nurture): Human behaviour is shaped by social forces and environment.
What is the difference between primary and secondary socialization?
Primary Socialization: Occurs in early childhood, usually within the family, teaching basic norms and values.
Secondary Socialization: Happens throughout adulthood, reinforcing roles and behaviours in specific situations.
How do functionalists view socialization?
Socialization integrates individuals into society and reinforces norms and values essential for social stability.
What does conflict theory say about socialization?
Socialization reflects power and control, teaching less powerful groups their “place” in society and reinforcing inequalities.
How does feminism view socialization?
Feminism focuses on how patriarchy shapes norms, particularly through gender socialization, assigning roles and expectations to men and women.
What is symbolic interactionism’s view of socialization?
It emphasizes how meanings are taught and learned through social roles (e.g., what it means to be a parent, friend, or student).
What are the three stages of socialization according to George Herbert Mead?
1) Preparatory Stage (0-3): Imitate actions without understanding.
2) Play Stage (3-5): Pretend to take on roles (e.g., teacher or doctor).
3) Game Stage (Grade School): Understand roles within social groups and hierarchies.
What are the key agents of socialization?
Family: Teaches norms, values, and social roles.
School: Transmits skills and hidden curriculum (informal rules about place in society).
Peers: Foster belonging and identity through conformity and peer pressure.
Media: Influences perceptions of events, products, and viewpoints.
What is resocialization?
It involves adopting new behaviours or roles, either voluntarily (by choice) or involuntarily (e.g., in prisons or the military).
What are total institutions, according to Erving Goffman?
Total institutions (e.g., prisons, hospitals) monitor individuals 24/7, aiming to strip their identity and enforce new behaviours.
How can media shape perceptions differently?
For example, after the Las Vegas shooting, the attacker was labelled as a “lone wolf,” whereas the Orlando nightclub shooter was described as a “radical Islamic terrorist.”
