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Ben Physics > Module 3 all > Flashcards

Module 3 all Flashcards

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1
Q

Displacement

A

the shortest distance between any two points

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2
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement with respect to time; it has both magnitude and direction.

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

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4
Q

Force

A

A push or pull on an object, causing it to accelerate.

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5
Q

work done

A

the product of the magnitude of the force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force

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6
Q

power

A

the rate of transfer of energy

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7
Q

momentum

A

the product of an objects mass and velocity

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8
Q

conservation of energy

A

in a closed system, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only transferred from one form to another.

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9
Q

factors affecting air resistance

A
  1. velocity
  2. density of air
  3. surface area of shape
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10
Q

weight

A

the gravitational force acting on an object in newtons (N)

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11
Q

newton

A

A force of 1 Newton applied to a 1 kg mass will give it an acceleration of 1 ms-2

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12
Q

difference between centre of mass and gravity

A

centre of mass is point through which externally applied force produces straight line motion but no rotation, while gravity is the point at which entire weight of object appears to act

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13
Q

tension

A

pulling force exerted by string, cable or chain

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14
Q

drag

A

the resistive force exerted by fluid on object moving through it

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15
Q

principle of moments

A

for a body in rotational equilibrium, sum of the anticlockwise moments about any point equal to sum of clockwise moments about same point

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16
Q

moment

A

turning effect of force about axis or point, moment = force x perpendicular distance of line of action from axis

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17
Q

torque

A

the product of one of the forces of couple and perpendicular distance between forces

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18
Q

couple

A

a pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body but not in same straight line

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19
Q

density

A

the mass per unit volume of substance

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20
Q

pressure

A

the force exerted per unit cross sectional area measured in pascals

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21
Q

upthrust

A

the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid

22
Q

archimedes principle

A

the upthrust on an object in fluid is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

23
Q

principle of conservation

A

total energy of a closed system remains the same before and after a collision

24
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

the capacity for doing work as a result of an objects position in gravitational field

25
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy associated with an object as a result of its motion

26
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J)

27
Q

hookes law

A

The force applied is directly proportional to the extension of the spring unless limit of proportionality is exceeded

28
Q

tensile and compressive derformation

A

a change in shape of object due to tensile force/compressive force

29
Q

elastic limit

A

the value of stress or force beyond which elsatic deformation becomes plastic deformation, material no longer return to original shape when stress/force removed

30
Q

elastic and plastic deformation

A

elastic is reversible change in shape of object due to compressive or tensile force with removal of stress returning to original shape and size. Plastic is irreversible change with permenant deformation when force removed

31
Q

force constant

A

a quantity determined by dividing force by extension for object obeying hookes law, measures stiffness of spring, measured in Nm^-1

32
Q

parallel and series spring rule

A

k=k1+k2 for parallel
k = 1/k1 + 1/k2 for series

33
Q

loading and unloading

A
34
Q

tensile stress

A

the force per unit cross sectional area, measured Pa

35
Q

tensile strain

A

the extension per unit length, a ratio of extension to original length

36
Q

limit of proportionality

A

the value of stress beyond which stress no longer is directly proportional to strain

37
Q

yield point

A

a point on stress-strain graph beyond which deformation no longer elastic

38
Q

ultimate tensile strength

A

the max stress material can withstand before break

39
Q

young modulus

A

ratio of tensile stress to strain when quantities directly proportional to eachother, measured Pa

40
Q

newton first law

A

object will remain at rest or constant velocity unless acted upon by resultant force

41
Q

newton second law

A

resultant force acting on object is directly proportional to rate of change of momentum and in same direction

42
Q

newton third law

A

when two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on eachother

43
Q

conservation of momentum

A

for system of interacting objects, total momentum in specific direction is constant, as long as no external forces act on system

44
Q

perfectly elastic collision

A

collision in which no kinetic energy lost

45
Q

inelastic collision

A

collision in which kinetic energy lost

46
Q

impulse

A

the area under force-time graph, the change in momentum

47
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

The upwards force acting on an object submerged in a
fluid, is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

48
Q

Couple

A

Two equal and opposite parallel forces that act on an object through
different lines of action. It has the effect of causing a rotation without translation.

49
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

The sum of the forces acting on an object is equal to the
rate of change of momentum of the object.

50
Q

Tension

A

The result of two forces acting on an object in opposite, outwards
directions

51
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If an
object exerts a force on another object, then the other object must exert a force
back, that is opposite in direction and equal in magnitude

Ben Physics (7 decks)

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