Module 3 - Airport Operations, Security and Maintenance Flashcards
The _____________ establishes responsibility, authority, and procedures for Part 139 compliance, and once approved, results in issuance of AOC.
Airport Certification Manual (ACM)
What is the phrase to describe each person must be aware of the consequences of his or her decisions, including safe and risky behaviors?
“Safety is everybody’s business”
Investigations conducted by ____________show that an accident is seldom due to any single event, but rather a series of events “chain of events”.
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
____________involves identifying hazards and either eliminating them specifically or eliminating chain of events leading to the hazard.
Accident prevention
Safety oversight is best provided through organization-wide ____________, helps to manage safety risk through systematic procedures, practices, and policies.
Safety Management System (SMS)
Communicating management’s commitment to safety and the assurance that safety is constantly monitored and evaluated is ____________.
Safety policy
____________ are techniques in risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and tracking for enhancing or increasing an airport’s safety record.
Safety risk management
Internal and external audits and corrective actions providing feedback on implemented risk mitigation strategies is ____________.
Safety assurance
Creating a “safety culture” that allows the SMS to succeed is ____________.
Safety promotion
____________is the designated individual responsible for the implementation and oversight of the SMS processes.
Accountable Executive (AE)
____________is issued to a commercial service airport (enplaning >= 2,500 pax) when it has passed FAA safety inspection.
Airport Operating Certificate (AOC)
Identify the airport certificate: all types of scheduled operations of air carrier aircraft.
Class I
Identify the airport certificate: small air carrier, unscheduled operations of large air carrier aircraft.
Class II
Identify the airport certificate: scheduled small air carrier aircraft.
Class III
Identify the airport certificate: only unscheduled large air carrier aircraft
Class IV
___________ occur when an airport must violate a component of P139 due to emergency conditions. Under P139, the airport operator must inform the FAA within ___________ of the occurrence.
Deviations
14 days
What addresses certification and operations of airports serving air carriers?
CFR Part 139
The safety oversight function of the FAA is specified in Part 139 and the ____________.
Airport Certification Manual (ACM).
According to the FAA, ___________ exist if all the requirements in the ACM are properly performed, as required by P139.
“Sufficiently qualified personnel”
The operator should issue a ____________to report deficient conditions that could have an immediate and critical impact on the safety of aircraft operations.
Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)
Airports certificated under P139 must retain regularly scheduled inspection checklist for ____________.
12 consecutive calendar months (CCM).
Training records are to be maintained for ____________ and inspection, condition, incident, and accident records for ____________ under Part 139.
24 consecutive calendar mo
12 consecutive calendar mo
List 2 categories and 2 types of Pavement.
- Flexible 2. Rigid
1. Asphalt 2. Concrete
____________is a rigid pavement with higher cost, that can withstand higher aircraft loads and resist weathering and oil/fuel/spillage.
Concrete
____________can be laid without expansion joints and is generally less expensive and faster than concrete to install, but higher maintenance.
Asphalt
The longevity of pavement is highly dependent on an airport pavement management system that focuses on ____________.
Preventative maintenance
All paved areas that are the responsibility of the operator must have ____________ before the beginning of commercial flight operations, and at night.
Daily Inspection
_____________ is considered an industry standard for qualifying airfield pavements; standards contained in ASTM D 5340.
Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
_____________ provide methods of establishing an effective pavement repair system by creating systematic procedures for scheduling maintenance and rehabilitation; uses PCI ratings.
Pavement Management Programs (PMP)
List the 2 causes of Pavement Deterioration.
- Environmental (weather and aging)
2. Structural (air traffic loads)
Identify the type of pavement deterioration:
- Cracking (longitudinal, transverse, alligator)
- Disintegration (raveling, potholes, etc.)
- Distortion (ruts, depressions, swelling)
Asphalt-related
Identify the type of pavement deterioration:
- Cracking (longitudinal, transverse, shrinkage, shattered slab)
- Disintegration (Alkali-Silica Reaction)
- Distortion (pumping, settlement, shoving)
Concrete-related
Alkali levels are extraordinarily high, resulting in a circumstance known as an ____________, which causes “map cracking” or “Isle of Man cracking” of concrete.
Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
____________ provides a standardized airplane/pavement rating system (max pavement bearing strength).
ACN-PCN (Aircraft Classification Number / Pavement Classification Number)
____________devices provide a continuous, graphic record of the pavement surface friction (friction averages for each 1/3 portion of a runway length).
Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment (CFME)
____________are either mechanical or electrical and are used to assess friction properties of runways.
Decelerometers
Based on the Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment (TALPA) working group, the ____________ is a more comprehensive and standardized method of assessing and reporting surface conditions.
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)
Based on the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM), ____________ is numerical assessment of runway condition determined by the operator.
Runway Condition Codes (RwyCC)
____________must be promptly removed from the surface to prevent accidents.
Foreign Object Debris (FOD)
Safety area inspection is considered a ___________inspection item.
Regular
List 6 items for Safety Area Inspection.
- storm sewer system
- before reopening
- aircraft has left the pavement
- for construction and maintenance activities
- engineering materials arresting system (EMAS)
- driving or walking the safety areas
List the 3 types of Runway Lighting.
- High Intensity Runway Lights (HIRL) - 3 to 7 steps
- Medium Intensity Runway Lights (MIRL) - 3 to 7 steps
- Low Intensity Runway Lights (LIRL) - 1 step
Many airports that are not staffed 24-hr install __________ , providing pilot safety and reducing airport’s op and maint costs.
Pilot-controlled lighting
Runway edge lights are __________ ; on instrument runways, yellow edge lights replace the __________ ones in the direction of landing for last 2,000-ft or 1/2 of runway length
White
Runway centerline lights are __________ in direction of landing; on a precision instrument runway, the lights change to alternating red and white beginning at the last 3,000-ft of runway for a 2,000-feet distance, at 1,000-ft remaining, centerline lights switch to all red.
White
Taxiway lead-on and lead-off lights are in-pavement lights that alternative __________ and __________ , lead from runway centerline onto taxiway.
Yellow
Green
Taxiway edge lights have __________ lenses.
Solid Blue
__________ , are of colored split lens type, indicating ends of the runway.
Threshold lights
____________and ____________is a system of guidance, control, and regulation of all aircraft, ground vehicles, and personnel on the movement areas to prevent collisions and ensure smooth traffic flow during low visibility.
Runway Visual Range (RVR)
Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (SMGCS)
What helps to identify the airport location and area to a pilot?
Rotating beacon
Any changes to the lighting systems of a public-use airport, including pilot-controlled lighting, require revision in ____________.
Airport Facilities/Directory (A/FD)
List the 5 components of Approach Lighting Systems (ALS).
- sequence flashing lights
- approach lights
- crossbar lights
- runway end identifier (REIL)
- visual approach slope indicator (VASI) or precision approach path indicator (PAPI)
____________is a series of 5 lights that extend past the 1,000-foot mark of the approach lights; referred to as “the rabbit”.
Sequencing Flashing (SF)
The ____________is a series of lights positioned perpendicularly to both sides of the primary approach lights; aids with leveling aircraft’s wing and distance to runway information.
Crossbar
Red ____________ mark an undershoot zone in which approaching aircraft should not land.
Approach lights
Further maintenance and cost reductions are achieved through installation of a ____________, which is 1,400-ft in length with sequence flashing.
Medium Intensity Approach Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights (MALSF)
____________indicators assist pilots with approach and provide vertical height information on both visual and instrument runways; prevent an overshoot or undershoot.
Visual glideslope
What do the lights of the visual glideslope indicate (4-bar system)?
White/white - too high
Red/white - on glidepath
Red/red - too low
A less costly and more simplified lighting system than the VASI, the ____________has either 2 or 4 lights with split lenses.
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
A type of approach guidance system, often used for helicopters is ____________(not acceptable for air carrier operations).
Pulsed-Light Visual Approach Slope Indicator (PVASI or PLASI)
The ____________emits a steady light from a single source; red when approach is below glideslope and green when on correct angle.
Tri-color visual approach slope indicator (TRCV)
A simple visual approach slope indicator of three panels, typically at GA airports, are ____________.
Approach Path Alignment Panels (APAP)
____________ use synchronized flashing at both corners of runway threshold; VFR approaches.
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
____________ are sequential flashing approach lights are installed off the approach end of runway visible from any direction; non-precision approach.
Omni Directional Approach Lights (ODAL)
If ODALs are located away from runway to help define a VFR path, they are ____________ and overcome problems with terrain, obstructions, or noise.
Lead-In lights (LDIN)
____________ have white inscriptions on a red background and require individual to obtain clearance before proceeding.
Mandatory signs
____________ signs identify the taxiway or runway upon which the aircraft or vehicle is; yellow inscriptions on a black background (or vice versa for RSA, OFZ, ILS).
Location
____________ provide location and orientation of other taxiways; contain an arrow; black inscriptions on a yellow background.
Directional signs
____________ are similar to direction signs except that they point toward a general location; FUEL, MIL, TERM, etc.
Destination signs
____________ such as noise abatement procedures are black inscriptions on a yellow background; runway distance remaining (black w/ white numbers).
Special informational signs
A ____________ will include threshold and aiming point markers.
Non-precision instrument runway.
What type of runway includes threshold and aiming point markers, plus touchdown zone stripes and runway side stripes?
Precision instrument
____________ in the paint as well as black outlines are required to be used for certain airfield markings.
Glass beads
____________ are required on runways with visual approaches that are 4,200-ft or longer, serving approach categories C and D airplanes.
Aiming points
____________ used for landing operations are spaced at 500-ft intervals and provide distance according to the number of rectangular bars.
Touchdown zone markings
____________ are a number of longitudinal lines (usually eight, but as many as 16, depending on runway width) that identify the beginning of a runway.
Runway threshold bars
____________ is necessary when siting a threshold other than at runway end; can be for obstacle clearance, obstruction in the runway approach, noise abatement, or construction; 10-ft wide white bar.
Displaced threshold
____________ distinguishes a displaced threshold from a stopway, blast pad, or taxiway that precedes the runway; yellow bar and chevrons.
Demarcation bar
_____________ are used on both runways and taxiways to provide a visual contrast between the usable and adjacent unusable pavement surface.
Shoulder stripe markings
Two parallel continuous yellow lines on taxiways edges are _____________; dashed marking where need to cross over (along terminal apron edge).
Taxiway Edge Lines
The stop-bar, or ____________, are 4 yellow parallel lines, which requires ATCT authorization to cross.
Runway hold-position marking
Airports with VOR facilities have ____________, allowing pilots to calibrate receivers on the ground; Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is listed.
VOR ground checkpoint markings
At airports with authorized ___________ for 2 intersecting runways, or where the runway is used as a taxiway to another runway, a yellow double solid and double dash hold-position marking extends across the runway to identify the hold-short position.
Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)
Part 139 airports can enhance airport safety by inspecting ____(3 items) ____.
Markings, Signs, Lighting
____________ are intended to reduce the risk of an aircraft and vehicle accident on the AMA; driving lanes are similar to those on highways;
Vehicle roadway markings
One component of a ___________ is painted taxiway markings that complement the lighted guidance and informational signs; requires elevated or in-pavement runway guard lights, lead-on lights, taxiway and clearance bar lights, gate-designator and geographic hold-position markings.
Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (SMGCS)
The __________ is used to help calibrate the aircraft magnetic compass, located in large area to allow for aligning to magnetic headings.
Compass rose
___________ is designed to visually assist pilots in determining the airport traffic pattern while in flight; Series of highly visible, white or yellow markers arranged in a circle around a surface wind indicator.
Segmented circle marking
List 4 elements of a Safety Management System.
- safety policy
- safety risk management
- safety assurance
- safety promotion
___________ typically identify unusual operational characteristics such as when air carrier operations are limited to specific runways or load bearing weight.
Limitations
___________ provide relief to an airport operator for a particular requirement of P139; request for an ___________ to P139 becomes a rule-making action and necessitates FAA review.
Exemption
If some element of P139 is not met, or an unsafe condition exists, ____________, states air carrier activity must be halted for that area.
Noncomplying Conditions
A ______________ program enables an airport operator to conduct uninterrupted day-to-day operations in compliance with P139.
Self-inspection
List 4 components of Self-Inspection program.
- regularly scheduled inspection
- continuous surveillance inspection
- periodic condition inspection
- special inspection
Daily inspection when aircraft activity is minimal and at least one inspection before beginning of air carrier flights is ____________.
Regularly scheduled inspection
Certain activities such as fueling, construction, pedestrian and ground vehicles, snow and ice, and foreign object debris should have ____________.
Continuous surveillance inspection
Surveying pavement, checking approach slopes and surrounding areas for obstructions, faded signs, lighting, or markings, and response times for ARFF, should have ____________.
Periodic condition inspection
After a complaint, when an unusual condition or event, such as a significant meteorological event or incident/accident occurs, and at end of
construction, ____________ should be conducted.
Special inspection
What is the greatest cause of pavement deterioration, and as a result, loss of federal investment?
Lack of preventative maintenance
Within the segmented circle is a ___________, can be a windsock, a combination of both, or a wind tee.
Wind Indicator
For those airports open for ___________ during hours of darkness, all wind direction indicators require lighting.
Air carrier operations
List 4 NAVAIDs that should be Inspected.
- Runway End Lights
- Visual Glide Slope Indicators
- Approach Lighting systems
- Any NAVAID damaged/malfunctioning/inoperable/missing
To mitigate the effect of _________ on personnel, including vehicular traffic, blast fences are used.
Jet blast
The ___________ system disseminates information on unanticipated or temporary changes to components of, or hazards, in the NAS, until aeronautical charts and publications can be amended.
Notice to Airmen (NOTAM).
Who has overall management responsibility for the NOTAM system?
National Flight Data Center (NFDC) in DC
Identify the type of NOTAM:
- part of civil system, which includes any NOTAM that is not part of military system.
Civil
Identify the type of NOTAM:
- regulatory in nature
- IFR charts, procedures, airspace usage
- Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) for particular event (presidential visit, September 11, etc.)
- distributed by the NFDC
FDC
Identify the type of NOTAM:
- pertains to US Air Force, Army, Marine, and Navy navigational aids
Military
Identify the type of NOTAM:
- for condition not limited to 1 airport
- Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
- TFRs, airway changes, laser light
Center Area
Identify the type of NOTAM:
- issued locally and/or beyond responsibility of FSS
- (U) and (O) NOTAMs
- Field Condition NOTAM
- ARFF restrictions or limitations
NOTAM (D)