✨Module 3 + 5: Equilibrium Flashcards
Define dynamic equilibrium.
Rate of forwards and backwards reaction are constant in a closed system. The concentration of reactants and products don’t change.
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
If there’s an external change, the equilibrium will shift to counteract that change.
Experiment to detect changes to position of equilibria with changing concentration?
Use 2 different coloured solutions.
Increasing pressure would shift the equilibrium to …
The side with fewer GAS molecules. (Count the total no.moles on each side). Deceasing pressure would do the opposite.
Catalysts have no effect on the …
Position of equilibrium. They speed up the forward and backwards reaction, so equilibrium is reached faster. Yield DOESN’T increase.
Increasing temperature shifts the equilibrium to …
The endothermic direction.
Decreasing temperature shifts the equilibrium to …
The exothermic direction.
Compromising conditions is very important. You could have good yields with lower temperatures, but what is the problem with it?
Slower rate of reaction.
High pressures are expensive to produce, stronger equipment to withstand the high pressure
Experiment to investigate equilibrium position with changing temperature?
You need two different coloured gases.
1. Place 2 sealed tubes containing the same equilibrium mixture in water baths - one with warm and one with cold.
2. Each tube should change to a different colour due to exothermic and endothermic conditions.
What is K(little c)?
The equilibrium constant when you have a homogenous reaction (reactants and products are same physical state). You use the concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium.
What does Kc tell us?
The actual position of equilibrium.
Kc varies with …
Temperature.
Kc = 1 means
Equilibrium is halfway between products and reactants.
Kc > 1 means
Equilibrium lies further to the right and more products form.
Kc < 1 means …
Equilibrium lies further left and there are more reactants.
