module 3 Flashcards
What is the Ansa cervicalis?
A branch of CN XII and cervical rootlet nerves that provides motor function to the extrinsic laryngeal muscles.
What is the Bernoulli Principle?
The principle in hydrodynamics that an increase in the velocity of a stream of fluid results in a decrease in pressure.
Also called Bernoulli effect or Bernoulli theorem.
What is the Body-Cover Theory of Vocal Fold Vibration?
The wave-like motion of the loose mucosa of the vocal folds over the stiffer, more densely organized vocal ligament and vocalis muscle.
This motion is known as the mucosal wave.
What is the function of the Cricothyroid muscle?
It is responsible for pulling the thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid ring and elongating and tensing the vocal fold.
What is a Cyst in the context of vocal folds?
An epithelial lined cavity that develops within the lamina propria of the vocal fold, occurring in two forms: squamous inclusions cysts and mucous retention cysts.
What is Endoscopy?
A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses specially adapted instruments and cameras to access areas of the body that are otherwise inaccessible without major surgical intervention.
What is Epithelium?
The thin tissue forming the outer layer of the body’s surface or lining the airway or digestive tract.
What are Extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Muscles that attach to the outside of the laryngeal framework and are responsible for controlling the position of the larynx in the neck.
Also referred to as strap muscles.
What is a Flexible endoscope?
A non-rigid endoscope used to visualize a body cavity, composed of glass fibers that conduct light and transmit images.
What is a Formant?
An amplified frequency band of harmonics.
What is Fundamental Frequency?
The lowest or base frequency of a vibrating object, correlating with the perceived pitch of the sound produced.
What is the Glottis?
The space between the vocal folds.
What is a Harmonic sound source?
A vibrating object that vibrates at more than one frequency, with frequencies that are whole number multiples of the base frequency.
What is a Harmonic?
A whole number multiple of the fundamental frequency.
What is the Hypoglossal nerve?
The twelfth nerve in a series of nerves that provides motor function to the muscles of the tongue.
What is the Interarytenoid muscle?
The muscle that connects the arytenoid bodies and adducts the vocal fold by pulling the upper bodies of the arytenoids together.
What are Intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Muscles that attach inside the larynx that open, close, and lengthen the vocal folds.
What is the Lamina propria?
A thin layer of loose areolar connective tissue beneath the epithelium that, together with the epithelium, constitutes the mucosa.
What is the Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?
The primary adductor of the vocal fold, originating on the lateral aspect of the cricoid ring and inserting on the muscular process of the arytenoid.
What does Lateral mean in anatomy?
The side of the body or a body part that is farther from the middle or center of the body.
What does Medial mean in anatomy?
Pertaining to the middle; in or toward the middle; nearer the middle of the body.
What is a Microflap?
A surgical technique involving high magnification to incise the mucosa and remove diseased tissue while repositioning normal tissue to cover the vocal fold vibratory surface.
What does Neoplastic refer to?
An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells related to a tumor.
What is a Nodule?
A thickening on the medial surface of the vocal fold at the junction of the anterior and middle third, usually produced by inefficient vocal use patterns.
What does Non-neoplastic mean?
A collection of acellular tissue often in response to repeated trauma or inflammation.
What is a Papilloma?
A virally induced process where the human papilloma virus (HPV) integrates into the cells forming the mucosa of the larynx, inducing growth of wart-like lesions.
What is a Polyp?
A gelatinous or vascularized mass usually at the junction of the anterior and middle third of the vocal fold, often produced by inefficient voice use patterns.
What is the Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?
The primary abductor of the vocal fold, originating on the posterior aspect of the cricoid ring and inserting on the muscular process of the arytenoid.
What is the Recurrent laryngeal nerve?
A branch of the Vagus nerve that provides motor function to most of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sensory function to the mucosa of the larynx below the vocal folds.
What is Resonant Voice Therapy?
Voice production involving oral vibratory sensations, usually on the anterior alveolar ridge or lips in the context of easy phonation.
What is the Rima glottis?
The tissue of the vocal folds and around the glottis.
What is a Rod lens endoscope?
A rigid metal tube containing a series of glass rod lenses that transmit an image and fiberoptic bundles that transmit light.
What does Shear refer to?
Lateral deformation of a substance produced by an external force acting on the substance in a tangential manner.
What is a Sine wave?
A mathematically generated curve that describes a smooth repetitive oscillation.
What is the Source-Filter Theory?
Speech is produced through an interaction of a sound source and a resonating cavity, with the vocal folds as the sound source.
What is Stroboscopy?
A method of examining a vibrating object using a bright flashing light to illuminate the vocal folds, freezing their movement.
What is Subglottic pressure?
The pressure that builds up below the vocal folds during phonation.
What is Sulcus vocalis?
A groove or furrow on the medial surface of the vocal fold, where the normal lamina propria is deficient or absent.
What is the Superior laryngeal nerve?
A branch of CN X that divides into an internal and external branch, providing sensation and motor function to the larynx.
What is the Thyroarytenoid muscle?
The muscle that forms the body of the vocal fold, adducting the vocal fold.
What is the Vagus nerve?
The tenth nerve in a series of nerves providing motor and sensory function to the muscles of the larynx and pharynx.
What is the Vocal tract filter?
The area from just above the vocal folds out through the mouth.
