module 3 Flashcards
Extreme Programming (XP)
is an agile software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements. XP involves a series of specific practices designed to ensure that high-quality software can be developed efficiently and rapidly, even when requirements change frequently.
Key Practices of XP:
Planning: XP begins with a planning activity where user stories (similar to use cases) are written by customers. These stories describe desired features and are prioritized based on business value.
Design: Simple designs are favored. XP uses Class-Responsibility-Collaborator (CRC) cards to design objects and their interactions. Complex designs are avoided in favor of simplicity.
Coding: XP emphasizes writing code in pairs (pair programming), where two developers work together at a single workstation. This helps maintain code quality and encourages shared ownership of the code. Continuous integration ensures that the codebase is updated frequently, and new code is integrated daily.
Testing: Testing is a key aspect of XP. Unit tests are written before the code is written. Acceptance tests are derived from user stories and ensure that the code meets the customer’s requirements.
Refactoring: This involves improving the internal structure of the code without changing its external behavior. It is a disciplined approach to clean up the code to improve its readability and maintainability.
Frequent Releases: XP encourages frequent software releases (in small increments). This ensures that customers can see the software early and provide feedback for further improvements.
Agile process is better than traditional methods justify
Flexibility: Agile can easily adapt to changes in project requirements, making it suitable for
fast-changing environments.
ii. Customer Feedback: Regular input from customers ensures that the project aligns with
their needs, leading to higher satisfaction.
iii. Faster Delivery: Agile delivers small, functional parts of a project quickly, allowing users
to benefit sooner.
iv. Better Quality: Continuous testing and feedback help catch and fix problems early,
resulting in a more reliable product.
v. Team Empowerment: Agile encourages self-organizing teams, leading to increased
motivation and creativity among team members.
vi. Focus on Value: Prioritizing the most important features ensures that the team works on
what matters most first.
vii. Lower Risk: Frequent updates and feedback reduce the chances of project failure, as
issues can be identified early.
viii. Transparency: Visual tools like boards make it easy to see progress, keeping
everyone informed and aligned.
ix. Continuous Improvement: Regular reviews encourage teams to reflect and improve their
processes over time.
x. Collaborative Culture: Agile promotes teamwork and communication, creating a more
engaged and productive work environment
.Define Agile Process and explain agility principle.
DEFINE:An agile process reduces the cost of change because software is released in
increments and change can be better controlled within an increment.
PRINCIPLE
i. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of
valuable software.
ii. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness
change for the customer’s competitive advantage.
iii. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with
a preference to the shorter timescale.
iv. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.
v. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they
need, and trust them to get the job done.
vi. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a
development team is face-to-face conversation.
vii. Working software is the primary measure of progress.
viii. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users
should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
ix. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
x. Simplicity—the art of maximizing the amount of work not done—is essential.
xi. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self– organizing teams
xii. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and
adjusts its behavior accordingly.
Agility Process in Software Development
Agility in software engineering refers to the ability of a development team to adapt quickly to changes while delivering high-quality software. It emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and continuous improvement. The agility process is primarily driven by the following key principles:
Welcoming Change: The agility process embraces changes, even late in development, as they are seen as opportunities for improvement. Agility accommodates new requirements without disrupting the overall project.
Incremental Development: Agile processes focus on delivering working software in small, incremental releases. Each increment delivers part of the functionality, allowing stakeholders to evaluate progress and provide feedback continuously.
Customer Collaboration: Agility fosters close collaboration with the customer throughout the development process. The customer is viewed as an integral part of the team, contributing to planning, feedback, and prioritization of features.
Self-Organizing Teams: Agile teams are self-organizing and are given the autonomy to manage their work. Team members collaborate, take ownership of tasks, and make decisions collectively, ensuring adaptability and creativity.
Frequent Delivery: Agile teams aim to deliver working software frequently, with a preference for shorter timescales (weeks to a few months). This approach ensures the customer gets a functional product sooner and allows for early detection of issues.
Continuous Testing and Feedback: Testing is integrated throughout the development process, not just at the end. Continuous testing helps ensure that changes or new features do not break existing functionality, making the process more resilient to errors.
Simplicity and Minimalism: Agile processes promote simplicity, with teams focusing on the most essential work. Non-essential tasks, documentation, or intermediate work products are minimized, allowing teams to focus on delivering value quickly.
Collaboration and Communication: Agility emphasizes face-to-face communication as the most effective method for conveying information. It also promotes collaboration between business stakeholders and developers to ensure alignment on goals.
Agility is not just about responding to changes, but also about adapting processes and tasks to meet dynamic project and technological conditions. By focusing on small, manageable work increments, agility reduces the cost of making changes later in the development process.
In conclusion, the agility process allows software teams to be nimble and responsive, delivering functional, valuable software efficiently while maintaining flexibility in handling evolving requirements
