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ENVI 177.04i LT 2 Review > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does envi management have no concise universal definition? (2)

A

very broad scope, diversity of specialisms

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2
Q

Differentiate envi management and envi science (4)

A
  1. Goals (Science: Knowledge, Man: Action)
  2. Envi science is needed by envi managers
  3. Science is central to EIA but is not its only component (also socio-economic aspects)
  4. Science strengthens management’s actions moving forward
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3
Q

What is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change?

A

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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4
Q

What is the linear economy?

A

take-make-waste
Products and materials are generally not used to their full potential in
a linear economy and, as the name suggests, always move in one
direction – from raw material to waste.

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5
Q

What is a circular economy?

A

a system where materials
never become waste and nature is regenerated. In a
circular economy, products and materials are kept in
circulation through processes like maintenance,
reuse, refurbishment, remanufacture, recycling, and
composting.

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6
Q

What is doughnut economics?

A

two concentric rings:
- a social foundation, to ensure that no one is
left falling short on life’s essentials, and
- an ecological ceiling, to ensure that humanity
does not collectively overshoot the planetary
boundaries that protect Earth’s life-supporting systems

between these boundaries lie a donut-shaped space that is ecologically safe and socially just (where humanity can thrive)

proposes an economic mindset that’s fit for our times (not a set of policies and institutions but a way of thinking to bring about regenerative and distributive dynamics)

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7
Q

What is the planetary boundaries framework?

A

identifies nine key Earth system processes that maintain the stability of the
planet.

These boundaries, if crossed, may lead to catastrophic environmental changes

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8
Q

What are the nine boundaries?

A

climate change, novel entities, stratospheric ozone depletion, atmospheric aerosol loading, ocean acidification, biogeochemical flows, freshwater change, land-system change, biosphere integrity

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9
Q

How many boundaries did we assess and cross in 2009, 2015, and 2023?

A

2009: 7, 3
2015: 7, 4
2023: 9, 6 (all except stratospheric ozone depletion, atmospheric aerosol loading, and ocean acidification

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10
Q

How does social science and environmentalism support envi management? (6)

A

(1) provide info on social dev needs and aspirations
(2) to study and develop ways of focusing the activities to achieve better envi management
(3) to show the envi manager social constraints and opps
(4) to unravel the often complex and indirect social causes of envi problems
(5) the articulation and fulfillment of the shared interests of people
(6) to cut through technological determinism so that the voice of soc science may be heard

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11
Q

What is the International Environmental Law?

A

The set of agreements and principles that reflect the world’s collective effort to manage our transition to the Anthropocene by resolving our most serious environmental problems,
including climate change, ozone depletion and mass extinction of wildlife.

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12
Q

Countries turn to international cooperation where: (3)

A

(1) the environmental impacts are transboundary (such as pollution into the
Great Lakes) or global (such as climate change)

(2) some international activity contributes to environmental harm, for example,
the international trade in elephant ivory or the killing of whales;

(3) international coordination of financial or technical support can catalyze
action (for example, for the global conservation of biological diversity)

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13
Q

What are Sustainable Development Summits

A

The United Nations first convened countries to address the global environment at the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.

highlighted the international aspects of emerging environmental challenges and legitimized the environment as an area for international cooperation

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14
Q

What are the 4 groups of Global Environmental Agreements?

A

(1) protecting the
global atmosphere,
including preventing
climate change and
ozone depletion

(2) conserving wildlife
and biological diversity

(3) managing the
oceans and marine
environment

(4) regulating global
movement of chemicals,
wastes and other
hazardous substances

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15
Q

What are the agreements on protecting the global atmosphere? (4)

A

Montreal Protocol, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement

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16
Q

What are the agreements on conserving wildlife and biological diversity? (7)

A

Convention on Biological Diversity, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Convention on Int. Trade in Endangered Species, Convention on Migratory Species, Convention to Combat Desertification, Ramsar Wetlands Convention, UNESCO World Heritage Convention

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17
Q

What are global envi agreements on managing the oceans and marine environment? (2)

A

Law of the Sea Convention, Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement

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18
Q

What are the global envi agreements on regulating global movement of chemicals, wastes and other hazardous substances? (4)

A

Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes, Stockholm Convention on POPs, Rotterdam Convention on PIC, Minimata Convention on Mercury

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19
Q

What is the strength and weakness of PH Envi Laws accdg to the World Bank?

A

Strength: Sound and comprehensive envi laws and policies

Weakness: weak implementation because of inadequate capacity and financial constraints at national and local levels

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20
Q

What’s the strategy of PH Envi Laws?

A

more devolution to local levels of government, enhanced resource mobilization for
environmental management, better prioritization, and retooling of human resources

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21
Q

What is the Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275, 2004)

A

Aims to protect water bodies from pollution, emphasizing a multi-sectoral approach to water quality management.

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22
Q

What is the Renewable Energy Act (RA 9513, 2008)

A

Promotes the development, utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy resources

23
Q

What is the Climate Change Act (RA 9729, 2009)

A

Institutionalizes climate change as a priority and creates the CCC to coordinate adaptation and mitigation efforts

24
Q

What is the Expanded National Integrated Protection Areas System Act (RA 11038, 2018)

A

Expands the number of protected areas for biodiversity conservation

25
Q

What is the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act (RA 6969, 1990)

A

Regulates the import, manufacture, and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes

26
Q

What is the Extended Producer Responsibility Act (RA 11898, 2022)

A

Recent legislation that requires companies to manage their plastic packaging waste through recovery and recycling programs, aiming to reduce plastic pollution

27
Q

What are the 4 premises of Envi Management and Faith?

A

(1) All religions agree that nature is an act of divinity and should be treated as such

(2) Religion was one of the reasons why early societies started to protect certain plants and animals

(3) Spiritual leaders are critical to the success of the protection of the envi

(4) Spiritual values drive individual behaviors for more that 80% of people (UNEP)

28
Q

What is the Faith for Earth Initiative (3)

A

(1) Launched by UN Env in Nov 2017

(2) GOAL: to strategically engage with faith-based orgs and partner with them to achieve the SDGs and fulfill the objectives of the 2030 Agenda

(3) equitable engagement - all major faiths, along with indigenous spirituality are represented in a transparent and balanced manner

29
Q

What are the shared values the spell CREATION

A

Communication, Respect, Empower, Act, Transform, Inspire, Organize, Network

30
Q

What is the perception of indigenous people of the world?

A

A person who you have to listen to and negotiate with and not an object that you can manipulate and control

31
Q

What is the Equator Prize?

A

awarded biennially to recognize outstanding
community efforts to reduce poverty through the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity.

32
Q

What religions talk about envi management? (6)

A

Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Hinduism, Judaism

33
Q

What is Pope Francis’ Laudato Si?

A

Encyclical that focuses on care for the natural environment and all people

34
Q

What are the 3 premises of envi man and urban dev?

A

(1) The world is urbanizing
(2) Cities are important sites for engaging with envi issues
(3) Activities in towns and cities affect the envi locally, regionally, and globally in both positive and negative ways

35
Q

What is the global pop projected to be in 2050? How many will be in urban and rural?

A

9.8B, 6.7B, 3.1B

36
Q

What’s the leading cause of death for people aged 5-29?

A

Road crashes (approx 1.3M a year)

37
Q

What are the approaches adopted to promote envi man in business? (7)

A

Industrial Ecology, Green Marketing, Consumer Protection Bodies, Eco-labelling, Total Quality Management + EMS, Covenants, LCAs

38
Q

What is Industrial Ecology?

A

an approach which examines industrial, economic, and resource activities from a biological and environmental rather than a monetary POV

industrial activity viewed not in isolation from envi but integrated with it

seek to understand how the industrial system works and how it interacts with the biosphere - develop a systems approach compatible with healthy ecosystem function

39
Q

What is Green Marketing? Orgs use for 5 purposes

A

(1) taking advantage of green opportunities;
(2) strengthening brand image;
(3) enhancing product value;
(4) improving competitive advantage; and
(5) adhering to environmental advancements

40
Q

What are the two consumer protection bodies?

A

DTI and DENR

41
Q

What is eco-labelling?

A

a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling that is practiced around the
world. An ecolabel identifies products or services proven to be environmentally preferable within a specific category.

42
Q

What is Fairtrade?

A

an ethical trade system that puts people first.

offers farmers and workers in developing countries a better deal, and the opportunity to improve their lives and invest in their future.

gives consumers the opportunity to help reduce
poverty and instigate change through everyday
shopping.

43
Q

What is the goal of the National Ecolabelling Program - Green Choice PH

A

aims to change the
behavioral patterns in consumption and
production that tend to misuse, abuse,
and degrade our environment.

44
Q

What is Green Choice: PH?

A

Headed by former First Lady Amelita Ramos,
CGFI has been pro-actively advocating for environmentally-sound policies, practices, norms and behavior among all segments of Philippine society.

45
Q

What is the Forest Stewardship Council?

A

promotes environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable
management of the world’s forests.

46
Q

What does the Sus Agri Network award the Rainforest Alliance Certified eco-label to?

A

Farmers may apply for certification for all land in production and companies may request that all of their source farms be certified.

47
Q

What are the seven sins of greenwashing?

A

Hidden trade-off, no proof, vagueness, irrelevance, lesser of two evils, fibbing, worshipping false labels

48
Q

What is Total Quality Management?

A

aims to provide assurance of adherence to policy and specifications through a structured management system, and to enable
demonstration of it to third parties through documentation and record keeping

49
Q

What is the ISO for global standard for EMS?

A

ISO 14001

50
Q

What is an EMS?

A

show adherence to a suitable environmental policy, the meeting of appropriate environmental objectives (equivalent to specifications in quality management) and the ability to demonstrate to a wide range of interested
parties (‘customers’ in TQM) that the system requirements
and objectives are met.

51
Q

T or F: There is no law that mandates companies to be EMS-Certified

A

True

52
Q

What laws ensure strict compliance from companies? (5)

A

Republic Act 6969: Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Control Act of 1990

Republic Act 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

Republic Act 9275: Philippine Clean Air Act of 2004

Republic Act 8749: Philippine Clean Water Act of 1999

Presidential Decree 1586: Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Statement of 1978

53
Q

What’s a covenant?

A

A written, voluntary agreement signed by the company or other body and the government or agency seeking regulation.

A government or other regulatory body can provide companies with a more stable regulatory environment and
encourage development of better pollution control plans or adoption of an EMS (Beardsley et al., 1997: 33) through a covenant.

54
Q

What are the 5 steps of a product life cycle

A

Raw Material Extraction
Manufacturing & Processing
Transportation
Usage & Retail
Waste Disposal

ENVI 177.04i LT 2 Review (2 decks)

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