Module 3

Question 1

Scanning planes

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

Accumulation of serous fluid anywhere in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 3

Hypoechoic

Answer 3

Not as bright as the surrounding tissue

Question 4

Echoegenic

Answer 4

Ability to produce bright white echoes

Question 5

What is enhancement

Answer 5

TGCs

Question 6

Why do structures shadow

Answer 6

Wave is ending or terminating

Question 7

Focal organ disease

Answer 7

Describe changes to the organ in the same manner as diffuse, but including the area of change.

Question 8

Diffuse organ disease

Answer 8

Describe changes to normal organ size, echogenicity, vascularity, boarders, and effect on surrounding structures.

Question 9

Normal aorta sizes

Answer 9

Less than 3

Question 10

Acoustic shadows

Answer 10

“Reduced echo amplitude” or echo “drop off” posterior to a structure that attenuates the sound beam.

Question 11

Cyst

Answer 11

Anechoic, enhancement, smooth walls.

Question 12

Sludge

Answer 12

Gravity dependent low level echos seen in the gallbladder lumen.

Question 13

Gallstone

Answer 13

Echogenic focus within gallbladder lumen, posterior acoustic shadowing, gravity dependent movement seen with the change of patient position.

Question 14

Ultrasound

Answer 14

Above human range of hearing; above 20,000 Hz or 20 KHz

Question 15

Hyperechoic

Answer 15

brighter than surrounding tissue

Question 16

Homogeneous

Answer 16

of the same, uniform composition (the liver)

Question 17

Heterogeneous

Answer 17

not uniform; of different composition

Question 18

Isoechoic

Answer 18

same echogenicity as the surrounding tissue

Question 19

Interface

Answer 19

strong reflectors that delineate the boundary of organs

Question 20

Anechoic

Answer 20

wthout internal echoes (black)

Question 21

Texture

Answer 21

internal echo pattern of an organ or tissue

Question 22

Cystic

Answer 22

Anechoic, well circumscribed, enhancement, fluid filled

Question 23

Septated

Answer 23

echogenic lines within a cystic structure

Question 24

Parenchyma

Answer 24

type of tissue

Question 25

Cystic structure

Answer 25

• Anechoic
• Regular boarders; smooth walls
• Well defined back wall
• Posterior enhancement
  o an increase in the amplitude of echoes located behind a weakly attenuating
  structure

Question 26

Solid (tumor) structures

Answer 26

• Hypo to hyperechoic
• Irregular boarders
• Poorly defined back wall
• Poor enhancement to acoustic shadowing

Question 27

Complex structures

Answer 27

Cystic complex: multiple septations; dependent debris, solid elements
Solid complex: areas of liquification in a solid tumor due to necrosis or hemorrhage

Question 28

Acoustic Windows

Answer 28

• A window allows sonographers to see structures and organs more clearly
• Largest abdominal window is the liver
• Largest pelvic window is a full urinary bladder

Question 29

Acoustic Shadow

Answer 29

• Opposite of acoustic window
• Occurs when an object does not allow sound to penetrate through
• Bones, stones, and bowel gas cause shadows
• Can be described as “clean” or “dirty”

Question 30

NPO-6-8 hours before the study:

Answer 30

GB, Pancreas, CBD, AO

Question 31

Drink 24 to 32 ounces of water

Answer 31

finish drinking 45 minutes to 1 hour before the exam and do
not void-pelvic exam

Question 32

No prep

Answer 32

liver, spleen, kidneys, thyroid, testes or scrotum, breast extremities and carotids.

Question 33

Tortuous

Answer 33

curvy or twisting