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IoT > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

Protocol suite

1
Q

nodes and base stations

A
  1. wireless hardware used in base stations
  2. nodes or clients , devices that connect to the base station
  3. base stations are the routers or gateway
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2
Q

IoT protocol

A
  1. common language that allows devices to interact with other IoT devices
  2. IoT protocol lay down standards that adopted in every IoT ecosystem for proper functioning and avoid security threats.
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3
Q

iot protocol model
(explain each layer)

A

->analytics/visualization layer
->application/integration layer
->data/database layer
->network layer
->physical/device layer

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4
Q

three layer protocol suite
(explain each layer)

A

-> application layer
-> network layer
-> perception layer

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5
Q

five layer protocol suite
(explain each layer)

A

-> business layer
-> application layer
-> processing layer
->transport layer
-> perception layer

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6
Q

functions of physical layer
(explain points)

A
  1. Representation of bits
  2. data rate 3. synchronization
  3. interface 5. topologies
  4. line configuration
  5. transmission modes
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7
Q

link layer

A

includes protocol that defines communication between local network nodes which fulfill the purpose of maintaining link states between the local nodes

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8
Q

BLE

A
  1. Bluetooth low energy
  2. BLE is an intelligent and a low power version of Bluetooth wireless technology
  3. not suitable for sending real time data
  4. short range communication protocol with PHY and MAC layer
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9
Q

benefits of BLE

A
  1. lower implementation costs
  2. multi-vendor interoperability
  3. enhanced range
  4. much improved pairing speed
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10
Q

application of BLE

A
  1. battery powered devices developed for industries like healthcare, fitness, security and home industries
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11
Q

features of BLE

A
  1. Location detection accuracy
  2. proximity detection
  3. power consumption
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12
Q

BLE architecture

A
  1. BLE follows master/slave technology . slave node sent the advertising frame to discover one or more dedicated advertisement channels. master nodes sense this advertisement channels to find slaves and connect them
  2. BLE always remains in sleep mode except when the connection between devices is intiated.
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13
Q

LoRAWAN

A
  1. Low Power Wide Area Networking communication protocol
  2. Low power, wide area networking protocol built on top of the LoRa radio modulation technique
  3. architecture- star to stars topology
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14
Q

application of LoRAWAN/LoRa

A

usage in smart cities and industrial spaces because it is an affordable long range , bi-directional communication protocol with very low power consumption
3. device can run for 10 years on a small battery

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15
Q

LoRa

A

1.radio manipulation technique that is essentially a way of manipulating radio waves to encode information.
2. physical layer protocol that supports long range communication at the cost of a narrower bandwidth

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16
Q

why LoRAWAN?

A
  1. ultra low power 2. long range
  2. deep indoor penetration
  3. license free spectrum
  4. geolocation 6. high capacity
  5. public and private deployments
  6. end to end security 9. roaming
  7. firmware updates over air
  8. low cost
17
Q

architecture LoRAWAN

A
  1. star to stars topology

[end to end nodes]->[gateway]->[network server]->[application server]

18
Q

characteristics of LoRAWAN technology

A
  1. Long range communication
  2. long range battery duration upto 10 years
  3. low cost for devices and maintenance
  4. license free radio spectrum nut regulations apply
  5. Low power
19
Q

Security in LoRA

A

1.LoRA achieved by implementing security at two different layers:
-> one for the network
-> one for the application
2. to achieve the required levels of security for LoRa networks, several layers of encryption have to be employed.

20
Q

use cases of LoRaWAn

A
  1. vaccine cold chain monitoring
  2. animal conservation
  3. dementia patients
  4. smart farms
  5. water conservation
  6. food safety 7. smart waste bins
  7. smart bikes 9. airport tracking
  8. efficient workspace
  9. cattle health 12. LoRa in space
21
Q

network layer

A

this layer is divided into two parts
->routing layer: sends packages from origin to destination
-> encapsulation layer: largely responsible for creating packages

22
Q

transport layer

A
  1. main role is to provide communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts.
  2. TCP,UDP two transport layer protocols that provide different set of services to the network layer
  3. application communicates to either one of these protocols. These applications can read and write to the transport layer. So communication is a two way process
23
Q

services offered by transport layer

A
  1. end to end delivery
  2. addressing 3. reliable delivery
  3. flow control 5. multiplexing
24
Q

multiplexing

A
  1. upward multiplexing: multiple transport layer connections use the same network connection
  2. downward multiplexing: means one transport layer connection uses the multiple network connections
25
Q

MQTT

A
  1. Message Queue Telemetry Transport
  2. used for machine to machine communication
  3. simple and lightweight messaging protocol , uses publish/subscribe model
  4. supports messaging between devices to the cloud and the cloud to the device
26
Q

why is MQTT important?
(explain points)

A
  1. lightweight and efficient
  2. Scalable 3. reliable 4. secure
  3. well-supported
27
Q

MQTT client

A
  1. client sends messages then its a publisher , if it receives messages then its a subscriber are the two roles of a client
  2. a device is a client if it opens a network connection to the server, publishes messages that other clients want to see, subscribes to a message
28
Q

MQTT broker

A

backend system which coordinates messages between the different clients. broker include receiving and filtering messages, identifying clients subscribed to each message

29
Q

MQTT connections

A
  1. clients and brokers begin communicating by using an MQTT connection. Clients initiate connection by sending a CONNECT message to the MQTT broker.
  2. the broker confirms that a connection has been established by responding with a CONNACK message
  3. clients never connect with each other, only with broker
30
Q

MQTT architecture

A

[Publisher]->(message)->[MQTT Broker]->(message)->[subscriber]

in the middle there is a central server or broker that acts as a mediator. Each incoming message is filtered by the broker who then send them to appropriate customers

31
Q

QoS 0

A
  1. provides bare minimum of data transfer.
  2. Every message is transmitted to a user only once at this stage with no verification
32
Q

QoS 1

A
  1. This broker tries to send the message and then checks for the user’s approval reply
  2. with no verification received in a certain amount of time, the message is resent.
  3. if broker does not get user’s confirmation on time, message maybe sent to user multiple times using this approach
33
Q

QoS 2

A
  1. four step handshake used by the client and broker to ensure that information is received and only once
  2. optimum solution in cases where communication are inconsistent but links aren’t as resource- constrained
34
Q

CoAP

A
  1. Constrained Application protocol
  2. a lightweight protocol for M2M communication
  3. particularly used in IoT scenarios where constrained devices and networks are involved
35
Q

features of CoAP
(explain points)

A
  1. lightweight
  2. request-response model
  3. RESTful interaction
  4. reliable and unreliable messaging
  5. resource discovery
  6. security
36
Q

application of CoAP
(explain points)

A
  1. smart home automation
  2. industrial monitoring and control
  3. asset tracking
  4. environmental monitoring
  5. smart agriculture
  6. healthcare and wearable devices
37
Q

CoAP vs MQTT

A

to be gone through along with diagram

IoT (5 decks)

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