Module 3 Flashcards
How do you measure the reproductive efficiency in cattle
Conception rate, weaning rate
services per conception
calving interval, calving season
What is the female gonad and what is its function
Ovary, produces female gametes (Ova) and produces estrogen and progesterone
Primordial follicles
Present at birth
decrease in number as female matures
primary follicles
remain at this stage until puberty
most never ovulate and undergo atresia
secondary follicles
increase in granulosa cell layers
formation of zona pellucida
theca interna and externa
tertiary folicles
maturing follicles
antrum formation
- fluid filled space
- liquor folliculi
What is the difference between a cow/ewe/sow/mare uterus and a human uterus
Animal have bicornuaate uteri where as humans have simplex uteri (no horns)
What does a cow cervix look like
annular rings
What does a Ewe cervix look like
annular rings
What does a sow cervix look like
corkscrew
What does a mare cervix look like
longitudinal folds
What is the Main difference in chicken repro
Female has both right and left ovary but only the left develops, yolk is parent material ovulated and its a 24 hr process
Testes and their function
Male gonads, function to produce male gametes (spermatozoa), produce male hormones (androgens) (testosterone)
What hormones are required for spermatogenesis
FSH and LH
what are the cell types for spermatogenesis
peritubular myoid, leydig, sertoli, gametes- spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa
What are the three parts to the penis
Root (crus penis), Body (corpus), Glans penis
What is the difference between the fibroelastic penis and the vascular penis
Fibroelastic is with muscle and the vascular is with blood
A BSE (Breeding Soundness Exam) does not
Guarantee fertility and does not detect libido
Factors influencing a BSE
Age of male
Disease
Heat stress
Body Condition
Collection procedure
Estrous cycle
physiologic events that occur between periods of sexual receptivity (Heat) and/or ovulations; such as in farm animals
Estrus
Period of sexual receptivity
Anestrus
condition when females do not exhibit regular estrous cycles
Polyestrus
uniform distribution of estrous cycles occurring regularly throughout the year
cow, sow
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Targets: Ovary and testis
Functions: ovulation, corpus leteum (CL) formaiton, progesterone production, testosterone production,
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Source: Anterior pituitary
Targets: Ovary and testis
Function: follicular development, estrogen synthesis, sperm production,
What does GnRH stand for and what is the function
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
it releases LH and FSH
How longs is the Ewe estrous cycle
17 days
Seasonally polyestrous animals only cycle during certain times of the year. horses cycle when daylight hours are ______ and sheep cycle when daylight hours are _______. in class we discussed some reasons why this may be. One reason was _____ length of the animal.
long, short, gestation
What hormone starts parturition
cortisol released from the fetus
what is relative dystocia
normal sized calf and a small birth canal
absolute dystocia
abnormally large calf and a normally sized birht canal
What are some of the visual signs of estrus detection
Inspect 30 minutes in the morning and in the evening
standing to be mounted (lordosis)
Mounting of other cows
swollen vulva
mucus
what percent of calfs are bred artificially
80-90%
what is PGF2a
prostaglandin F2a
what is MGA
melengestrol acetate
What synchronization product is like an IUD
Eazi-Breed CIDR
What is a gonad
on argan that produces sperm or ova
what is a gamete
sperm and ova
What area of the epididymis is mature sperm stored
tail
Where is the mitochondria on sperm
mid piece
