Module 3 Flashcards
Nature of Non-experimental Research Designs
- Single variable
- Variables can’t be manipulated
- Noncausal relationship
- Exploratory
Manipulation
High: Experiments
Low: Non-experiments
Imposition
High: Experiments
Low: Non-experiments
Approaches to Non-experimental Research Designs
- Phenomenology
- Case study
- Field studies
- Archival study
- Qualitative research
Surveys and Interviews
- useful in collecting data and obtaining information
- Closed questions
- Open-ended questions
- Content analysis
Levels of Measurement
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Scaling Techniques
- Semantic differential
- Likert scale
- Continuous dimension
- Response styles
Collecting Data
- Questionnaires
- Mail or telephone surveys
- Internet survey
- Interview
- Focus groups
Sampling Techniques
- Probability sampling
- Non-probability sampling
Sample is selected by groups or strata
Stratified Random Sampling
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
Simple Random Sampling
Choosing the most available, willing respondents
Convenience Sampling
Selecting respondents through chain referral
Snowball Sampling
Using a ready list of the total population arranged in order to select sample
Systematic Sampling
Sample is selected based on characteristics that an individual possesses
Purposive Sampling