module 3

Question 1

zone of resting cartilage (zone 1)

Answer 1

mature chondrocytes

Question 2

zone of proliferating cartilage (zone 2)

Answer 2

chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis

Question 3

zone of hypertrophic cartilage (zone 3)

Answer 3

cells are enlarged and degenerating

Question 4

zone of calcified cartilage (zone 4)

Answer 4

dead chondrocytes and degenerated matrix is eaten by osteoclasts

Question 5

zone of ossification (zone 5)

Answer 5

osteoblasts secrete osteoid and osteocytes in lucanae

Question 6

endochondral ossification

Answer 6

*bone making inside cartilage
*8-12 weeks the skeleton is hyaline cartilage
*at diaphysis the chondrocytes enlarge, degenerate, and die
*blood cells deliver osteoclasts and osteocytes to this region (primary oss. center)

Question 7

short bones

Answer 7

length almost equal to width (carpals, tarsals)

Question 7

long bones

Answer 7

greater in length than width (femur, humerus, tibia)

Question 8

flat bones

Answer 8

flat, thin surfaces, sometimes curved (cranial)

Question 9

irregular bones

Answer 9

elaborate, sometimes complex shapes (vertebrae)

Question 10

siesmoid bones

Answer 10

embedded in fibrous connective tissue (patella)

Question 11

structural joint types

Answer 11

cartilaginous, fibrous, synovial

Question 11

structural joint types

Answer 11

cartilaginous, fibrous, synovial

Question 12

functional joint types

Answer 12

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

Question 13

slow twitch oxidative fibers

Answer 13

red muscle fibers, more mitochondria, slower blood flow, atp through oxidative chamber

Question 14

fast twitch glycolytic fibers

Answer 14

white muscle fibers, more myofibrils, faster blood flow, atp through glycolytic chamber

Question 15

isometric contractions

Answer 15

muscle contraction stays constant as force varies

Question 16

isotonic contractions

Answer 16

muscle contractions varies as force remains constant

Question 17

parts of a sarcomere

Answer 17

Z discs, A band, I band, H zone, M line